포인세티아

 

학명: Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

분류: 대극과(Euphorbiaceae)

학명 풀이:

Euphorbia: Named for Euphorbus, Greek physician to Juba II, King of Mauretania

pulcherrima : 가장 아름다운

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2018.10.15  소요산역

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

설명:

멕시코와 중앙 아메리카가 원산지로, 이곳에서는 습기가 있고 축축하며 나무가 무성한 계곡과 바위투성이인 구릉에서 자란다. 포인세티아라는 이름은 J.R. 포인셋 의 이름을 따 명명되었는데, 그는 1820년대 후반 멕시코 공사로 재직하는 동안 포인세티아를 대중화시켰고 화훼 재배에 도입했다. 따뜻한 지역에서는 키가 3m 정도이고 겨울에 꽃을 피우는 줄기가 가느다란 관목으로 기르지만, 북쪽 지역에서는 키가 1m를 넘지 않는 화분재배용 식물로 기르고 있다. 꽃잎처럼 붉게 보이는 것은 실제 화려한 잎인 포(苞)인데, 중앙에 있는 아주 작은 노란색의 꽃송이를 둘러싼다. 줄기와 잎에 있는 유액은 이 식물에 민감한 사람이나 동물에 염증을 일으킬 수 있다. 그러나 포인세티아에 치명적인 독성은 없다. 평상시에는 흰색, 분홍색, 알록달록한 색 및 줄무늬가 있는 포를 가지는 재배변종이 인기가 있지만 크리스마스 기간에는 무늬 없는 붉은색 변종이 많이 팔린다. (출처: 다움백과)

 

설명 보강:

Euphorbia pulcherrima, or noche buena, is a species of flower indigenous to Mexico and Central America. It is commonly known as poinsettia after Joel Roberts Poinsett,the first United States Minister to Mexico, who introduced the plant into the US in 1825. It is also called the Atatürk flower in Turkey.

 

Description

Euphorbia pulcherrima is a shrub or small tree, typically reaching a height of 0.6 to 4 m (2 to 16 ft). The plant bears dark green dentate leaves that measure 7 to 16 cm (3 to 6 inches) in length. The colored bracts—which are most often flaming red but can be orange, pale green, cream, pink, white or marbled—are actually leaves; because the flowers are unassuming and do not attract pollinators, brightly coloured leaves developed (aka bracts). The colors come from photoperiodism, meaning that they require darkness for 12 hours at a time for at least 5 days in a row to change color. At the same time, the plants need a lot of light during the day for the brightest color.

 

Because of their groupings and colors, laymen often think the bracts are the flower petals of the plant. In fact, the flowers are grouped within the small yellow structures found in the center of each leaf bunch, and they are called cyathia.

 

The species is native to Mexico. It is found in the wild in deciduous tropical forest at moderate elevations from southern Sinaloa down the entire Pacific coast of Mexico to Chiapas and Guatemala. It is also found in the interior in the hot, seasonally dry forests of Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Reports of E. pulcherrima growing in the wild in Nicaragua and Costa Rica have yet to be confirmed by botanists.

 

There are over 100 cultivated varieties of poinsettia available.

 

Christmas tradition

In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, the plant is called Cuitlaxochitl (from cuitlatl, residue, and xochitl, flower) meaning "flower that grows in residues or soil." The Aztecs used the plant to produce red dye and as an antipyretic medication. Today it is known in Mexico and Guatemala as "Noche Buena", meaning Christmas Eve. In Spain it is known as "Flor de Pascua", meaning "Christmas flower". In both Chile and Peru, the plant became known as "Crown of the Andes".

 

The plant's association with Christmas began in 16th century Mexico, where legend tells of a young girl who was too poor to provide a gift for the celebration of Jesus' birthday. The tale goes that the child was inspired by an angel to gather weeds from the roadside and place them in front of the church altar. Crimson "blossoms" sprouted from the weeds and became beautiful poinsettias. From the 17th century, Franciscan friars in Mexico included the plants in their Christmas celebrations. The star-shaped leaf pattern is said to symbolize the Star of Bethlehem, and the red color represents the blood sacrifice through the crucifixion of Jesus.

 

Poinsettias are popular Christmas decorations in homes, churches, offices, and elsewhere across North America. They are available in large numbers from grocery, drug, and hardware stores. In the United States, December 12 is National Poinsettia Day.

 

 

Rumoured toxicity

In the United States and perhaps elsewhere, there is a common misconception that the poinsettia is highly toxic. This misconception was spread by a 1919 urban legend of a two-year-old child dying after consuming a poinsettia leaf.

 

While the sap and latex of many plants of the spurge genus are indeed toxic, the poinsettia's toxicity is relatively mild. Its latex can cause an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. It is also mildly irritating to the skin or stomachand may sometimes cause diarrhea and vomiting if eaten. Sap introduced into the human eye may cause temporary blindness. An American Journal of Emergency Medicine study of 22,793 cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers showed no fatalities, and furthermore that a strong majority of poinsettia exposures are accidental, involve children, and usually do not result in any type of medical treatment. POISINDEX, a major source for poison control centers, says it would take 500 bracts for a 50-pound child to eat an amount found to be toxic in experiments. An Ohio State University study showed no problems even with extremely large doses.

 

부분 전재: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinsettia