학명: Ficus microcarpa L. f.
분류: 뽕나무과(Moraceae)
국내 유통명: 대만고무나무
영명: Chinese Banyan, Malayan Banyan, Taiwan Banyan, Indian Laurel,....
일어명: ガジュマル
중국명: 榕树
사진: 2015.10.02. 야쿠시마
야쿠시마 남쪽 해안의 中間ガジュマル라는 곳에서 찍은 것이다
아래: 2016.11.29 중국 계림
아래는 중국 계림의 대용수공원에서 찍은 것이다. 수령 1400년이 넘어 보호수로 관광객을 끌고 있다.
를러내린 수염뿌리가 거대한 지주근을 형성하고 있었다.
아래: 161201 계림 시내
아래 것은 열매가 익어가고 있다. Ficus속은 은화과(隱花果)이기 때문에 과피 안에 꽃이 있다.
잎 모양: 퍼온 사진
사진 출처: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ficus_microcarpa2.jpg
설명은 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ficus_microcarpa2.jpg 참조할 것
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설명
Ficus microcarpa Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782.
榕树 rong shu
Ficusamblyphylla (Miquel) Miquel; F. cairnsii Warburg; F. condaravia Buchanan-Hamilton; F. littoralis Blume; F. microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) Liao; F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao; F. retusa Linnaeus var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh; F. retusiformis H. Léveillé; F. rubra Roth; Urostigmaamblyphyllum Miquel.
Trees, 15-25 m tall, crown wide, d.b.h. to 50 cm. Bark dark gray. Branches producing rust-colored aerial roots when old. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.8 cm. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 4-8 × 3-4 cm, ± leathery, adaxially dark green and shiny but dark brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex ± obtuse; basal lateral veins long, secondary veins 3-10 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, paired, yellow to slightly red when mature, depressed globose, 6-8 mm in diam., inside with a few short bristles among flowers, sessile; involucral bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered, sessile or pedicellate; filament as long as anther. Gall and female flowers: sepals 3, broadly ovate; style ± lateral; stigma short, clavate. Achenes ovoid. Fl. May-Jun.
Mountains, plains; below 1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
This species is commonly cultivated in China as a shade tree.
Wikipefdia 설명
Ficus microcarpa L.f.
Ficus microcarpa, also known as Chinese banyan, Malayan banyan, Taiwan banyan, Indian laurel, curtain fig, or gajumaru (ガジュマル?), is a tree native in the range from China through Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,[citation needed] the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Australia,[ he Ryukyu Islands, and New Caledonia. It is widely planted as a shade tree and frequently misidentified as F. retusa or as F. nitida (F. benjamina).
Taxonomy
Ficus microcarpa has been described in 1782 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger. The species has a considerable number of synonyms. In 1965, E. J. H. Corner described seven varieties (and two forms of Ficus microcarpa var. microcarpa which were regarded as synonyms under the name of Ficus microcarpa in the latest[which?] Flora Malesiana volume.
Hill's weeping fig was first formally described as a species, Ficus hillii, by Frederick Manson Bailey in the Botany Bulletin of the Queensland Department of Agriculture, based on the type specimen collected in the "scrubs of tropical Queensland'". In 1965, it was reassigned by E. J .H. Corner as a variety of F. microcarpa, namely F. microcarpa var. hillii.
Distribution and habitat
Ficus microcarpa was widely distributed as an ornamental plant and is one of the most common street trees in warm climates. The symbiotic pollinating fig wasp, Eupristina verticillata, was introduced along with F. microcarpa. Such an introduction, however, can be delayed: in Brazil - where specimens of the tree had been used in gardening since the nineteenth century, when it was introduced by the architect Auguste François Marie Glaziou into various public parks of Rio de Janeiro - the appearance of saplings began only during the 1970s. Such saplings are considered to be very aggressive, as they can grow in the walls of buildings, bridges, highways, and other concrete structures.e tree is considered a major invasive species in Hawaii, Florida, Bermuda, Centra
l America, and South America. It's commonly used as a ornamental tree in most of Spain's mediterranean coast, as in the Balearic and the Canary islands. Ficus microcarpa can also be found on the Algarve, the southern coast of Sicily or in Cyprus. In the area of Tel Aviv in Israel is a common ornamental tree.
Ecology
The pollinating fig wasp associated with Ficus microcarpa is Eupristina verticillata. In addition, 19 non-pollinating fig wasp species parasitize Ficus microcarpa figs.[8] These fig wasps are from different families. First, the Eurytomidae wasps are Sycophila curta, Sycophila petiolata, Sycophila maculafacies and Bruchophagus sensoriae. The wasps from the Pteromalidae family are the most speciose: Acophila microcarpae, Eufroggattisca okinavensis, Meselatus bicolor, Micranisa degastris, Odontofroggatia corneri, Odontogroggatia gajimaru, Odontogroggatia galili, Odontofroggatia ishii, Philotrypesis emeryi, Philotrypesis okinavensis, Philotrypesis taiwanensis, Sycoryctes moneres, Sycoscapter gajimaru, Walkerella kurandensis. only one species from the Ormyridae family: Ormyrus lini.
In some parts of its introduced range, it is very attractive to avian wildlife: in São Paulo, Brazil, ten species of birds were listed as feeding on its fruits, especially Turdus rufiventris, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas, Thraupis sayaca and Celeus flavescens. Its fruit and leaves are also sought after and eaten by the parrot Aratinga leucophthalmus. Although invasive, its hardiness makes it an important species for the attraction of avian wildlife in urban environments.
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