학명 :
* 가장 흔한 Liatris spicata (L.) Willdenow로 보인다
FNA에는 이 속에 55종이 등재되어 있다
분류 : Asteraceae
영명 : blazing star
사진 : 2020.06.18 노원구
아래: 2020.11.17 도봉구청
사진 아래 설명은 본 종이 Liatris spicata라는 가정에서 한 것임
수과 길이는 4.5-6mm, 왼쪽 아래 3개는 총포편(1.1cm)으로 보임(Liatris는 인편이 없다고 함);
사진으로 보면 관모 길이는 수과 길이와 비슷
수과는 긴 프리즘 모양으로 능과 골이 뚜렷하다
설명에는 없지만 수과 상부에는 삼각추 모양의 암술대 기부가 있다
아래 : 2021.06.30 방학동 중랑천
아래 : 2021.07.18 도봉구
총포 포편은 4-5열이라하는데 확인이 어렵다
종자와 관모에 대한 설명은 위의 사진들 참조
아래 : 2023.06.15중랑천 하계역
FNA 검색표 일부
19. Phyllary apices obtuse to rounded
20. Basal leaves 6–12(–15) mm wide; Great Plains
....................... Liatris lancifolia
20. Basal leaves (2–)4–10(–20) mm wide; e of Mississippi River
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Liatris spicata
19. Phyllary apices acuminate, acute, or acute-acuminate
21. Phyllary apices acute to acute-acuminate
(reflexed to curving-spreading,tips often ± dilated, nearly petaloid);
florets (4–)5–8
................... Liatris pycnostachya
21. Phyllary apices acuminate to acute (erect and ± appressed);
florets (2–)3–4(–5) ................... Liatris acidota (in part)
FNA
Liatris spicata (Linnaeus) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 1636. 1803.
(common name)
Florist or marsh gayfeather
(학명 이명)
Serratula spicata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 819. 1753; Lacinaria spicata (Linnaeus) Kuntze
(설명)
Plants (20–)40–110(–180) cm. Corms globose to slightly elongate. Stems glabrous. Leaves: basal and lower cauline 3–5-nerved, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate, 120–350 × (2–)4–10(–20) mm (sometimes becoming more densely arranged distally), usually gradually reduced distally, essentially glabrous or sparsely villous, weakly gland-dotted (glandular hairs often not evident, bases of basal often fibrous-persistent). Heads in dense to loose, spiciform arrays. Peduncles usually 0, rarely 1–2 mm. Involucres turbinate-cylindric to turbinate-campanulate, 7–11 × 4–6 mm. Phyllaries in (3–)4–5 series, ovate to oblong, unequal, essentially glabrous, margins with hyaline borders, sometimes ciliolate, apices rounded to obtuse. Florets (4–)5–8(–14); corolla tubes glabrous inside. Cypselae (3.5–)4.5–6 mm; pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles barbellate.
(변종 설명)
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora): e North America.
Liatris spicata is sold as cut flowers. It also is commonly sold as a garden plant in various genetic permutations (probably derived from var. spicata, perhaps from L. lancifolia) and it apparently escapes cultivation. Reports from Arkansas, Connecticut, and Quebec probably reflect plants growing in or escaped from gardens.
A geographic disjunction within Liatris spicata occurs between the coastal plain element (var. resinosa) and the inland/montane element (var. spicata), although plants morphologically referable to var. resinosa occasionally are encountered in montane North Carolina and Tennessee and var. spicata-like plants occur in the range of var. resinosa. Apparent intergrades between the two taxa are common, especially in Tennessee and Alabama. The geographical gap is widest in Georgia and Alabama. Neither variety occurs naturally west of the Mississippi River, except for a historical record of var. spicata in Oregon County, Missouri (Kellogg s.n., MO), where the population has now been genetically "swamped" by L. pycnostachya (G. A. Yatskievych, pers. comm.).
In both var. spicata and var. resinosa, marked variation (dimorphism) in head size occurs, the large-headed plants apparently occurring in scattered geographic enclaves without a broader geographic pattern. It seems possible that independent populational origins of polyploidy might underlie the variation.
(종하 분류군 검색표)
1. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline (2–)4–8 mm wide (cauline usually abruptly reduced in size near midstem, continuing distally as linear, bractlike leaves); involucres 7–9 mm; phyllaries purplish to greenish; florets 5–6(–8); coastal plain .............................................. Liatris spicata var. resinosa
1. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 4–10(–20) mm wide (cauline usually gradually reduced in size distally); involucres (7–)8–11 mm; phyllaries usually greenish; florets (4–)6–8(–12); montaneand inland
............................................ Liatris spicata var. spicata
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242413546
영어 위키 설명
Liatris is a genus of flowering plants in the boneset tribe within the sunflower family native to North America (Canada, United States, Mexico and the Bahamas). Its most common name is blazing star. Some species are used as ornamental plants, sometimes in flower bouquets.
They are perennials, surviving the winter in the form of corms.
Liatris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the flower moths Schinia gloriosa and Schinia sanguinea, both of which feed exclusively on the genus, and Schinia tertia and Schinia trifascia.
Classification
Liatris is in the tribe Eupatorieae of the aster family. Like other members of this tribe, the flower heads have disc florets and no ray florets. Liatris is in the subtribe Liatrinae along with Trilisa, Carphephorus, and other genera. Liatris is closely related to Garberia, a genus with only one species endemic to Florida. The two genera can be distinguished by the shrub form of the latter and by karyotype.
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=d780
Common Name: blazing star
Type: Herbaceous perennial
Family: Asteraceae
Native Range: Eastern United States
Zone: 3 to 8
Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet
Spread: 0.75 to 1.50 feet
Bloom Time: July to August
Bloom Description: Red-purple
Sun: Full sun
Water: Medium
Maintenance: Low
Suggested Use: Rain Garden
Flower: Showy, Good Cut, Good Dried
Attracts: Birds, Butterflies
Tolerate: Drought, Clay Soil
Garden locations
Culture
Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soils in full sun. Somewhat tolerant of poor soils, but prefers moist, fertile ones and generally performs better in moist soils than most other species of Liatris. Intolerant of wet soils in winter. Tolerant of summer heat and humidity. May be grown from seed, but is slow to establish.
Noteworthy Characteristics
Liatris spicata, commonly called blazing star, dense blazing star or marsh blazing star, is a tall, upright, clump-forming perennial which is native to moist low grounds, meadows and marsh margins. In Missouri, it has only been found in Oregon County on the Arkansas border (Steyermark). It typically grows 2-4' tall in cultivation, but can reach a height of 6' in some parts of its native habitat. Features terminal spikes (6-12" long) of sessile, rounded, fluffy, deep purple flower heads (each to 3/4" across) appearing atop rigid, erect, leafy flower stalks. One or more stalks arise from a basal tuft of narrow, grass-like, medium green leaves (to 12" long). Stem leaves gradually decrease in size toward the top. Blooms in summer. Liatris belongs to the aster family, with each flower head having only fluffy disk flowers (resembling "blazing stars") and no ray flowers. The feathery flower heads of liatris give rise to another common name of gayfeather.
Genus name of unknown origin.
See also L. spicata 'Kobold' which is a popular compact cultivar that is less likely to need staking than the species.
Problems
No serious insect or disease problems. Taller plants may require staking or other support.
Garden Uses
Mass in perennial borders, native plant gardens, cottage gardens and prairie areas.