Annona cherimola

 

학명 : Annona cherimola Mill.

분류 : 뽀뽀나무과(Annonaceae)

Comon Name : Cherimoya

 

 

 

사진 : 2023.02.15 서울식물원

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wikipedia 설명

 

The cherimoya (Annona cherimola), also spelled chirimoya and called chirimuya by the Inca people, is a species of edible fruit-bearing plant in the genus Annona, from the family Annonaceae, which includes the closely related sweetsop and soursop. The plant has long been believed to be native to Ecuador and Peru,[3] with cultivation practiced in the Andes and Central America,[3][4][5] although a recent hypothesis postulates Central America as the origin instead, because many of the plant's wild relatives occur in this area.[5][6]

 

Cherimoya is grown in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world including Central America, northern South America, Southern California, South Asia, Australia, the Mediterranean region, and North Africa.[3][7] American writer Mark Twain called the cherimoya "the most delicious fruit known to men".[8] The creamy texture of the flesh gives the fruit its secondary name, the custard apple.

 

Etymology

The name is derived from the Quechua word chirimuya, which means "cold seeds". The plant grows at high altitudes, where the weather is colder, and the seeds will germinate at higher altitudes.[3] In Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia, the fruit is commonly known as chirimoya (spelled according to the rules of the Spanish language).

 

Description

Annona cherimola is a fairly dense, fast-growing, woody,[9] briefly deciduous[10] but mostly evergreen, low-branched, spreading tree[9] or shrub,[10] 5 to 9 metres (16 to 30 ft) tall.[9]

 

Mature branches are sappy and woody.[10] Young branches and twigs have a matting of short, fine, rust-colored hairs.[9][11] The leathery leaves are 5–25 centimetres (2.0–9.8 in) long[11][12] 3–10 centimetres (1.2–3.9 in) wide,[11] and mostly elliptic, pointed at the ends and rounded near the leaf stalk. When young, they are covered with soft, fine, tangled, rust-colored hairs. When mature, the leaves bear hairs only along the veins on the undersurface.[9] The tops are hairless and a dull medium green with paler veins,[12] the backs are velvety,[10] dull grey-green with raised pale green veins. New leaves are whitish below.[12]

 

Leaves are single and alternate, dark green, and slightly hairy on the top surface.[9] They attach to branches with stout 6–10 millimetres (0.24–0.39 in) long and densely hairy leaf stalks.[11]

 

Cherimoya trees bear very pale green,[12] fleshy flowers. They are 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long[10] with a very strong fruity odor.[12] Each flower has three outer, greenish, fleshy, oblong, downy petals and three smaller, pinkish inner petals[9] with yellow or brown finely matted hairs outside, whitish with purple spots[10] and many stamens on the inside.[11] Flowers appear on the branches opposite to the leaves, solitary or in pairs or groups of three,[9][11] on flower stalks that are covered densely with fine rust-colored hairs, 8–12 millimetres (0.31–0.47 in) long. Buds are 15–18 millimetres (0.59–0.71 in) long and 5–8 millimetres (0.20–0.31 in) wide at the base.[11] The pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.[13]

 

Fruits

 

위키 열매 사진

 

 

The edible cherimoya fruit is a large, green, conical[12] or heart-shaped compound fruit,[9] 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) long,[9] with diameters of 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in),[11] and skin that gives the appearance of having overlapping scales or knobby warts. They ripen to brown with a fissured surface[12] in late winter and early spring;[10] they weigh on the average 150–500 grams (5.3–17.6 oz), but extra large specimens may weigh 2.7 kilograms (6.0 lb) or more.[9]

 

Cherimoya fruits are commercially classified according to degree of surface irregularity, as follows:[3] Lisa, almost smooth, difficult to discern areoles; Impresa, with "fingerprint" depressions; Umbonata, with rounded protrusions at the apex of each areole;[14] Mamilata with fleshy, nipple-like protrusions; or Tuberculata, with conical protrusions having wart-like tips.

 

The flesh of the cherimoya contains numerous hard, inedible, black, bean-like, glossy seeds, 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) long[9] and about half as wide.[11] Cherimoya seeds are poisonous if crushed open.[3] Like other members of the family Annonaceae, the entire plant contains small amounts of neurotoxic acetogenins, such as annonacin,[3] which appear to be linked to atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe.[15] Moreover, an extract of the bark can induce paralysis if injected.[3]

 

Distribution and habitat

Widely cultivated now, Annona cherimola is believed to have originated in the Andes of South America at altitudes of 700 to 2,400 metres (2,300 to 7,900 ft),[9][5] although an alternative hypothesis postulates Central America as the origin instead, because many of the plant's wild relatives occur in this area.[5] From there it was taken by Europeans to various parts of the tropics. Unlike other Annona species,[16] A. cherimola has not successfully naturalized in West Africa,[17] and Annona glabra is often misidentified as this species in Australasia.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherimoya