학명 : Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson 질경이떡쑥
분류 : 국화과(Asteraceae)
사진 : 2023.12.30 평깅식물원
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Antennaria plantaginifolia (known by the common names plantain leaf pussytoes and woman's tobacco)[2] is a perennial forb native to the eastern North America,[3] that produces cream colored composite flowers in spring.
Description
Antennaria plantaginifolia is rarely more than 15 centimeters (5.9 in) tall, consisting of a basal rosette, and an erect stem which bears the inflorescence, a tight flat topped cluster of 4 to 17 fuzzy flower heads composed exclusively of disc flowers, with no ray flowers. The basal leaves are petiolate, oval to roundish, 3.5 to 7.5 centimeters (1.4 to 3.0 in) long and 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters (0.6 to 1.4 in) wide, with 3 to 7 prominent veins. The under side of the leaves is covered in thick silvery hair. Additional leaves along the stem are lanceolate and smaller. The fruit are cypselae with a pappus of white bristles.
Antennaria plantaginifolia is dioecious, meaning that the male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. It often forms colonies, sometimes consisting entirely of male or female plants. It does so in part through vegetative reproduction. Stolons emerging from the basal rosette take root and develop into new plants.[4][5][6][7][8]
Distribution and habitat
Antennaria plantaginifolia is widely distributed in the eastern North America from Quebec and Nova Scotia west to Minnesota and south to Mississippi, Arkansas, and Florida, with isolated populations in eastern Texas and Saskatchewan.[9][3] In Virginia, it grows in habitats including dry forests, barrens, and meadows.[10] The presence of this species is dependent on appropriate habitat, and it may be eliminated from an area by development, changes in land use, or competition with invasive species.
In North America, the plant was nominally called "Indian tobacco," as it was often chewed by children in place of real tobacco.[11]
FNA
Antennaria plantaginifolia (Linnaeus) Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 330. 1834.
Plantain-leaved pussytoes, antennaire à feuilles de plantain
Gnaphalium plantaginifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 850. 1753; Antennaria caroliniana Rydberg; A. decipiens Greene; A. denikeana B. Boivin; A. nemoralis Greene; A. pinetorum Greene; A. plantaginifolia var. petiolata (Fernald) A. Heller
Dioecious. Plants 6.5–20(–25) cm. Stolons 2.5–7.5 cm (mostly ascending when young). Basal leaves (petiolate) 3–5(–7)-nerved, obovate to suborbiculate, 35–75 × 15–35 mm, tips minutely mucronate, abaxially tomentose, adaxially green-glabrescent to gray-pubescent. Cauline leaves linear, 6.5–35 mm, distal flagged. Heads 4–17(–30) in tight corymbiform arrays. Involucres: staminate 5–7(–8) mm; pistillate 5–7 mm. Phyllaries distally white. Corollas: staminate 2–3.5 mm; pistillate 3–4 mm. Cypselae 0.5–1.6 mm, slightly papillate; pappi: staminate 2.5–4 mm; pistillate 3.5–5.5 mm. 2n = 28.
Flowering mid–late spring. Dry, open, deciduous woodlands, tops of banks, ridges, and bluffs, sandstone formations, slopes in openings in woodlands; 0–1500 m; Man., N.B., N.S., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
Antennaria plantaginifolia is a diploid progenitor of the A. parlinii complex and is similar to that species except for smaller heads and adaxially gray-pubescent basal leaves (R. J. Bayer and G. L. Stebbins 1982; Bayer 1985b; Bayer and D. J. Crawford 1986). It is a diploid ancestor of the A. howellii complex. It is found in the Appalachian region; disjunct populations occur in the driftless area of Wisconsin and Minnesota (Bayer and Stebbins).