학명 : Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow.
분류 : 갈매나무과 (Rhamnaceae)
일어명: サネブトナツメ(核太棗／酸棗)
즁국어명: 酸枣
사진: 2018. 09.27 경기도 ***
Ziziphus jujuba Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Ziziphus no. 1. 1768.
枣 zao
Trees small, rarely shrubs, deciduous, to 10 m tall, spinose or unarmed. Bark brown or gray-brown, with long reduced branches, without buds; branchlets (new branches) purple-red or gray-brown, flexuose, smooth, with 2 stipular spines or not; long spines erect, to 3 cm, stout; short spines recurved, developed from old branches; annual branchlets pendulous, green, solitary or 2-7-fascicled on short shoots. Stipular spines slender, caducous; petiole 1-6 mm, or to 1 cm on long shoots, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, 3-7 × 1.5-4 cm, papery, abaxially ± puberulent on major veins or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, 3-veined from base, base slightly asymmetric, subrounded, margin crenate-serrate, apex obtuse or rounded, rarely acute, mucronulate. Flowers yellow-green, bisexual, 5-merous, glabrous, solitary or 2-8 crowded in axillary cymes, shortly pedunculate. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Sepals ovate-triangular, adaxially distinctly keeled. Petals obovate, ca. as long as stamens, clawed at base. Disk orbicular, thick, fleshy, 5-lobed. Ovary basally slightly immersed in disk; style 2-cleft to half. Drupe red at maturity, turning red-purple, oblong or narrowly ovoid, 2-3.5 cm, (0.5-)1.5-2 cm in diam.; mesocarp fleshy, thick, sweet- or sour-tasting; stone acute or obtuse at both ends, 2-loculed, 1- or 2-seeded; fruiting pedicel 2-5 mm or longer. Seeds compressed-orbicular, ca. 1 × 0.8 cm, Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 24*, 36*, 48*.
● Mountains, hills, sunny dry slopes, plains, also widely cultivated; below 1700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [cultivated in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America].
(보충)
Kirkbride et al. (Taxon 55: 1049-1050. 2007 ["2006"]) proposed the name Ziziphus jujuba for conservation against the paratautonym Z. zizyphus.
Ziziphus jujuba f. tortuosa C. Y. Cheng & M. J. Liu (J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 7. 1994) is cultivated in gardens in Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), and Shandong. The plants are small trees with ascending, often tortuous branchlets without spines, long fruiting pedicels, and small drupes ca. 5 mm in diam. that resemble cucurbit fruits.
Ziziphus jujuba f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitagawa (Lin. Fl. Manshur. 313. 1939; Z. sativa Gaertner var. lageniformis Nakai, Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 1: 8. 1934) was recorded in FRPS (48(1): 136. 1982) from Hebei and (as cultivated) Beijing. However, it could not be treated here because no material was seen by the authors.
(종하 분류군 검색표)
1. Drupe 1.5-2 cm in diam.,
mesocarp sweet-tasting,
stone acute at both ends
2. Branches with spines.
................................. var. jujuba
2. Branches without spines.
................................ var. inermis 대추나무
1. Drupe less than 1.2 cm in diam.,
mesocarp sour-tasting,
stone obtuse at both ends
3. Branches erect, not tortuous, with spines.
............................. var. spinosa 묏대추나무
3. Branches ascending, tortuous, without spines.
.............................. var. spinosa f. tortuosa
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013464
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow, Familiar Trees Hopei. 307. 1934.
酸枣 suan zao
(학명 이명)
Ziziphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 14. 1833 ["spinosus"]; Z. sativa var. spinosa (Bunge) C. K. Schneider; Z. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex F. H. Chen (1937), not Saint-Lager (1880).
(설명)
Plants often shrubs. Branches erect, not tortuous, with spines. Leaves small. Drupe subglobose or broadly oblong, small, 0.7-1.2 cm in diam.; mesocarp sour-tasting, thin; stone obtuse at both ends. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 24*.
(생육지와 분포)
● Hills, sunny dry slopes, plains. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang.
(이용)
The seeds are used medicinally for relieving muscle spasms, as a tranquilizer, or to treat insomnia. The fruit is thin, but rich in vitamins, and is eaten fresh or used for making jam. The flowers are fragrant and rich in nectar, so the variety is considered an important honey plant in N China. Because of the spiny branches, it is often planted to form hedges.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013468
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세밀화
http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=94022&flora_id=2
아래는 핵의 비교
사진 출처: http://boo-bee.cool.coocan.jp/plants/fabi-rosa-cucurb-etc/natume.htm