백일홍

 

학명 : (FNA) Zinnia violacea Cavanilles /(국생지) Zinnia elegans Jacq.   

분류 : 국화과

 

 

사진: 2019.08.19 창동

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래 접사

 

 

 

 

총포편 모습

 

 

 

 

두화 중심부

 

 

 

 

 

설상화(붉은꽃)

 

 

 

 

 

설상화의 암술과 수과

 

 

 

 

흰꽃의 설상화 암술과 수과

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

흰꽃

 

 

 

 

붉은꽃의 인편(paleae;추정)과 통상화의 암술

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

인편

 

 

 

 

 

통상화의 화관과 수과

 

 

 

 

통상화 화관 확대

 

 

 

두 가닥으로 갈라진 기다란 노란색 끈  모양의 것은 설상화 암술로 보인다.  

 

 

 

붉은꽃 겹꽃

 

 

 

 

인편

 

 

 

인편 (추정)

 

아래: 2019.08.21  창동

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

통상화 화관 열편 확대

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FNA 설명

 

Zinnia violacea Cavanilles, Icon. 1: 57, plate 81. 1791.

Elegant or garden zinnia

(학명 이명)

Zinnia elegans Jacquin

(설명)

Annuals, to 100(–200) cm. Stems greenish, becoming yellowish to purplish, unbranched or sparingly branched distal to bases, hirsute to strigose or scabrous. Leaf blades 3–5-nerved, ovate to oblong, mostly 60–100 × 20–60 mm, scabrellous to glabrate. Peduncles to 85 mm. Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 10–15 × 5–25 mm. Phyllaries obovate, becoming scarious, glabrous or sparsely hairy, apices rounded, erose or fimbriate. Paleae red to purple, apices rounded to acute, fimbriate. Ray florets 8–21 (more in "double" cultivars); corollas usually red (white, yellow, or purple in cultivars), laminae spatulate to obovate, 10–35 mm. Disc florets 100–150+; corollas yellow, 7–9 mm, lobes 1–2.5 mm. Cypselae 6–10 mm, 3-angled (ray) or ± compressed (disc), not or faintly ribbed, ciliolate; pappi 0. 2n = 24.

Flowering summer–fall. Disturbed sites; to 500? m; introduced; Conn., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tex.; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba); Central America; South America (Bolivia); also introduced in Asia.

Zinnia violacea is perhaps adventive in Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Bolivia, China, and Malesia. The most widely cultivated Zinnia, it is reported to have escaped from cultivation and apparently naturalized in ten eastern and southern states but is nowhere common in the flora area. It is not as weedy as Z. peruviana, possibly because it lacks awns and thus is not as easily dispersed by animals.

 

 

 

속에 대한 설명

Zinnia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1189, 1221, 1377. 1759.

 

Annuals or subshrubs [perennials], 10–100(–200+) cm. Stems prostrate or erect. Leaves cauline; opposite or subopposite; sessile [petiolate]; blades (1-, 3-, or 5-nerved from bases) acerose, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, linear, oblong, or ovate, bases rounded to cuneate, margins entire, faces hairy (often scabrous or scabrellous), usually gland-dotted. Heads usually radiate (rarely ± discoid in Z. anomala), borne singly. Involucres campanulate, cylindric, to hemispheric or broader, 5–25 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 12–30+ in 3–4+ series (orbiculate to obovate or oblong, unequal, often colored or dark-banded distally, outer shorter). Receptacles conic, paleate (paleae yellowish, often reddish to purplish distally, chartaceous to scarious, conduplicate, apices rounded to acute, sometimes fimbriate). Ray florets usually 5–21 (more in "double" cultivars, sometimes 0 in Z. anomala), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, orange, red, maroon, purple, or white (laminae persistent, sessile or nearly so, becoming papery, sometimes much reduced). Disc florets 20–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to reddish, sometimes purple-tinged, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, lance-ovate (usually unequal, usually villous or velutinous adaxially). Cypselae 3-angled (ray) or flattened (disc; not winged); pappi 0, or persistent, of 1–3(–4) awns or toothlike scales. x = 12 (11, 10).

 

Species ca. 17 (5 in the flora): United States, Mexico, Central America, South America (one species to Argentina, Bolivia).

 

 

A. M. Torres (1963) recognized subg. Diplothrix, comprising six species, including the three perennial species treated here, and subg. Zinnia, comprising 11 species, mostly annuals. This division is reflected in the first couplet of the key. Zinnia angustifolia Kunth (= Z. linearis Bentham), native to northern and western Mexico, is commonly grown as an ornamental in the United States and has been reported from Utah (S. L. Welsh et al. 1993); the record was likely from a cultivated source. The species also persists in gardens in California; it is not known outside of cultivation. It can be distinguished from other zinnias by the combination of annual habit, plants to 50 cm, leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic (mostly 2–7 cm × 4–8 mm), involucres mostly hemispheric, usually much less than 1 cm high or wide, bright orange ray corollas (white-rayed and other color variants known in cultivation), and lobes of disc flowers glabrous or nearly so. Hybrids between Z. angustifolia and Z. violacea are known in the horticultural trade. The lack of articulation of the corolla tubes in the ray florets of Zinnia verticillata Andrews (= Z. peruviana) and the bilateral disposition of vascular bundles (continuous with vasculature of the ovary walls) in the ray florets led D. Don (1830) to conclude that true ray "corollas" in Zinnia are lacking, being replaced instead by de novo petaloid structures that mimic ray corollas of other Compositae.

 

 

 

SELECTED REFERENCES

 

Don, D. 1830. on the origin and nature of the ligulate rays in Zinnia; and on a remarkable multiplication observed in the parts of fructification of that genus. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 155–158. Torres, A. M. 1963. Taxonomy of Zinnia. Brittonia 15: 1–25.