양미역취(2)
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7814180
양미역취(1) (검색표)
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7812467
미국미역취
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7807535
학명: Solidago altissima L.
분류 : 국화과(Asteraceae)
사진: 2019.08.21 잠실
암술대가 길게 나온다
줄기에 털이 밀생한다
잎 뒷면에도 털이 많다
아래는 같은 장소지만 좀 떨어진 곳에서 찍은 것으로 위의 것보다는 털이 적다
아래: 2019.07.08 장소 불명(잠실 ?)
양미역취, 미국미역취는 3출맥이고
미역취, 울릉미역취는 우상맥이다
아래 : 2022.09.11 고대산
털은 선모이다, 암술대가 길게 초출되어 있다
아래 : 2023.11.10 세종식물원
아래 것은 표지판에 미국미역취로 안내되어 있지만 11월인데도 꽃이 있다는 점과 줄기에 긴 털이 밀생한다는 점으로 보아 양미역취로 동정한다
FNA 설명
Solidago altissima Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753.
Late goldenrod , verge d’or haute
Plants 50–200 cm; rhizomes short- to long-creeping. Stems 1–40+, usually short-hairy throughout, sometimes proximally glabrescent. Leaves: basal 0; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering; sessile or subpetiolate, tapering to bases; blades oblanceolate, 95–150 × 16–20 mm, relatively thick and firm, entire to serrate along distal 1 / 2 , strongly 3-nerved, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces finely strigose, more so along nerves, adaxial ± scabrous; mid to distal cauline blades oblanceolate (proximally) to lance-olate (distally), mid (30–)45–100(–170) × (5–)7–16(–25) mm, much reduced distally [(15–)25–55 × (3–)4.5–10(–17) mm], margins finely serrate (teeth 0–6(–14) per side on mid), distally usually becoming entire or remotely serrulate, adaxial faces ± scabrous, abaxial moderately strigillose, densely villoso-strigillose along nerves, distal sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular. Heads (15–)100–1200+, secund, in secund, pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches divergent and recurved, sometimes ascending-divergent, sometimes merely club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants, 5–30 × 2–25 cm (often 1.5–2 times as long as wide in southern plants). Peduncles 1–3.5 mm, moderately densely short hispiduloso-strigillose, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular; bracteoles linear, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 2.5–4.5 mm. Phyllaries in ca. 3 series, strongly unequal; outer lanceolate, acute, inner linear-lanceolate, margins rarely minutely stipitate-glandular, apices acute to obtuse. Ray florets (5–)8–13(–17); laminae 0.7–1.5(–2) × 0.1–0.4(–0.5) mm. Disc florets (2–)3–6(–9); corollas usually 2.3–3.6 mm, lobes 0.5–0.9(–1.2) mm. Cypselae (narrowly obconic) 0.5–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose; pappi 2.5–3.5 mm.
Solidago altissima has often been treated as S. canadensis var. scabra. The short hairs of the leaves can give fresh plants a gray-green tone not seen in S. canadensis var. canadensis. Numerous studies on S. altissima and its insect galls have been published by ecologists and entomologists (see W. G. Abrahamson and A. E. Weis 1997). Both subsp. altissima and subsp. gilvocanescens often have large insect galls (1–3 cm) on the mid to distal stems, unlike plants of S. canadensis and S. lepida. The species is divided here into two subspecies, at times difficult to distinguish: one eastern, one on the Great Plains.
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora): c, e North America, Mexico; introduced worldwide.
(종하분류군)
1 Involucres usually 3–4 mm; Arizona, California, and Utah, edge of Great plains eastward through e United States, northward in Canada to Nova Scotia and w to Saskatchewan, n of prairies 57a Solidago altissima subsp. altissima
+ Involucres usually 2–3 mm; Great plains e toIllinois 57b Solidago altissima subsp. gilvocanescens
FOC 설명
Solidago altissima Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753.
高大一枝黄花 gao da yi zhi huang hua
Herbs, perennial; rhizomes creeping, branched. Stems erect, to 250 cm tall, simple, shortly and softly aqua-rose downy. Leaves numerous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-12 cm, tapering at both ends, apex acuminate, margin of lower leaves sharply serrate, of basal leaves sometimes entire, of upper leaves entire, with 3 longitudinal veins, of which 2 lateral veins protrude weakly, glabrous or downy abaxially, shortly pilose adaxially. Capitula in paniculiform synflorescences, capitula attached on one side, branches curved downward. Involucre 3-4 mm; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, slightly obtuse. Florets golden yellow; ray florets hardly longer than involucre. Pappus inner (longest) bristles not obviously clavate. Fl. Aug-Sep.
Cultivated in China; now widely naturalized as an often abundant weed in disturbed areas. Anhui, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to North America; widely introduced elsewhere].
The Chinese plants belong to Solidago altissima var. altissima. Material from China has often been misidentified as S. canadensis.
유사분류군에 대한 기재
1. S. gigantea 미국미역취
FNA 설명 Solidago gigantea Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789. Tall or giant or smooth goldenrod , verge d’or géante Aster latissimifolius (Miller) Kuntze var. serotinus Kuntze; Doria dumetorum (Lunell) Lunell; D. pitcheri (Nuttall) Lunell; Solidago cleliae de Candolle; S. dumetorum Lunell; S. gigantea var. leiophylla Fernald; S. gigantea var. pitcheri (Nuttall) Shinners; S. gigantea subsp. serotina (Kuntze) McNeill; S. gigantea var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronquist; S. gigantea var. shinnersii Beaudry; S. pitcheri Nuttall; S. serotina Aiton 1789, not Retzius 1781; S. serotina var. gigantea (Aiton) A. Gray; S. serotina var. minor Hooker; S. serotinoides Á. Löve & D. Löve; S. shinnersii (Beaudry) Beaudry; S. somesii Rydberg Plants 50–200 cm (solitary or clustered); rhizomes short- to long-creeping. Stems 1–20+ or clustered, erect, glabrous or sparsely strigose in arrays, sometimes glaucous. Leaves: basal 0; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering time, sessile, lanceolate, 91–97 × 10–14 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces pilose on nerves or glabrous; mid to distal cauline similar, 57–76 × 0.7–1.2 cm, largest toward mid stem, decreasing distally. Heads 40–600 , secund, in broadly secund, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, rarely rhombic or club-shaped, proximal branches divergent, recurved, glabrous-glabrate or strigose, sometimes glaucous. Peduncles 1.5–3 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate. Involucres campanulate, (2–)2.5–4(–5) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, unequal, acute; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate (hexa-ploids from far west can have minute stipitate glands, especially near base of outer phyllaries and peduncle bracts). Ray florets (7–)9–15(–24) (conspicuous); laminae 1–3 × (0.1–)0.2–0.4 mm. Disc florets (4–)7–12(–17); corollas (2.5–)3–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes 0.6–1(–1.4) mm. Cypselae 1.3–1.5 mm, sparsely strigose; pappi 2–2.5 mm. 2n =18, 36, 54. Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct). Usually at least seasonally moister soils, flood plains, ditches, depressions, open woods, and thickets, moist depressions in grasslands and parklands on Great Plains; 0–1500+ m; Alta. , Man., N.B., N.S., ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; introduced in Mexico. Solidago gigantea is usually the least hairy species of the S. canadensis complex. The stems may be somewhat glaucous and the array is usually somewhat more open than in S. canadensis and S. altissima, and less leafy than S. lepida. Its blooming season begins and ends earlier than S. altissima in eastern North America. The species is diploid, mostly east of the Appalachian Mountains, tetraploid throughout the eastern forest area, and hexa-ploid on the prairies. The broader-leaved hexaploids on the prairies have been treated as S. shinnersii; G. H. Morton (1984) indicated that the differences are not diagnostic. Reports of hexaploids in the mountains from Alberta, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and northwestern Wyoming all have minute stipitate glands on the phyllaries, peduncle bracts, and sometimes the distalmost leaves; such plants belong in S. lepida, as do plants from British Columbia. Stems sometimes have 1–2 elongate insect galls near the base (S. Heard, pers. comm.). Although reported from much of Florida, specimens were seen only from Liberty County; all other collections are S. leavenworthii. |
2. S. canadensis
FNA 설명 Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753. Canada goldenrod , verge d’or du Canada Aster canadensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze Plants 30–150(–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. Stems 1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem. Leaves: basal 0; proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous; mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays. Heads (70–)150–1300+ , secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy. Peduncles 3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. Ray florets (5–)8–14(–18); laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm. Disc florets (2–)3–6(–8); corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm. Cypselae (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose; pappi 1.8–2.2 mm. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora): North America; introduced, Europe. Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994). Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter. Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized. (종하분류군) 1 Mid to proximal stems glabrous or sparsely hairy 56a Solidago canadensis var. canadensis + Mid to proximal stems moderately hairy 56b Solidago canadensis var. hargeri FOC 설명 Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753. 加拿大一枝黄花 jia na da yi zhi huang hua Herbs, perennial; rhizomes creeping, branched. Stems to 150 cm tall, erect, simple, shortly and softly downy above. Leaves numerous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-12 cm, abaxially downy, veins sparsely hairy, adaxially shortly pilose, tapering at both ends, margin of basal sometimes entire, of lower and upper cauline sharply serrate, longitudinal veins 3 (triplinerved), of which 2 lateral veins protrude weakly, apex acuminate. Capitula in paniculiform synflorescences, branches (racemes) curved downward, capitula attached on upper side of branch. Involucre 2.5-3 mm; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, slightly obtuse. Florets golden yellow; ray florets hardly longer than involucre. Pappus inner (longest) bristles not obviously clavate. Fl. Aug-Sep. Occasionally cultivated in gardens and parks in China, and may possibly become naturalized [native to North America]. |
유사분류군 검색표
FOC
1. Upper stem leaves sharply serrate,
abaxial veins sparsely hairy;
involucre 2.5-3 mm;
lower stem glabrous or hairy.
..................... Solidago canadensis
1. Upper stem leaves entire,
abaxial veins densely hairy;
involucre 3-4 mm;
lower stem hairy.
...................... Solidago altissima 양미역취
FNA
1. Stems glabrous, usually glaucous;
array leaves, peduncle bracts, and phyllaries not minutely stipitate-glandular
(moister soils, forests onto prairies)
줄기는 무모, 흔히 분백색을 띤다;
화서의 잎, 화경의 포, 총포편에 자루 달린 선모 없다
........................ Solidago gigantea 미국미역취
1. Stems strigillose or short-villous, at least in arrays to partway down stems;
or array leaves, peduncle bracts, or phyllaries minutely stipitate-glandular
(원기재문에는 ',' 로 되어 있으나 문맥 논리상 '; '로 수정하였다)
줄기에 강모 또는 융모, 화서에서 줄기 일정 부분까지는 반드시 유모;
화서의 잎, 화경의 포 또는 총포편에 미세한 자루 달린 선모 있다
2. Mid to distal cauline leaves evidently serrate;
arrays broadly pyramidal;
줄기 중간- 상부의 경생엽은 뚜렷한 예거치;
화서는 기부가 넓은 피라미드형
.................... Solidago canadensis
2. Mid to distal cauline leaves minutely serrate to entire;
arrays elongate-pyramidal to broadly so
줄기 중간- 상부의 경생엽은 소예거치 내지 전연;
화서는 높이가 긴 피라미드형 내지 넓은 피라미드형
........................ Solidago altissima 양미역취
Go botany의 비교표
Solidago altissima 양미역취 :
series of involucral bracts mostly 3-4 mm tall
and undersurfaces of leaf blades usually hairy on and between the veins
Solidago canadensis: the series of involucral bracts 2-3 mm tall
and undersurface of leaf blades usually hairy only on the veins.
stems hairy and without a bloom below the flower heads
Solidago gigantea 미국미역취 :stems without hairs
and with a bloom below the array of flower heads
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/solidago/canadensis/
박수현: 귀화식물도감의 보충
양미역취: 암술대 길게 초출; 개화기 9-10월
미국미역취: 암술대는 약간 초출 ; 개화기 8-9월
기타 차이점
양미역취: 생육지는 중성지
미국미역취: 생육지는 습한 곳