아로니아
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7813180
아로니아 겨울눈(1)
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7809028
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7807709
학명: Aronia
분류: 장미과(Rosaceae)
FNA에 따르면 열매가 검은 종(A. melanocarpa)과 붉은 종(A. arbutifolia)의 2종이 있다
1) Aronia melanocarpa (Michaux) Elliott
사진 : 2021.08.28 검암역
아로니아는 잎의 거치가 뚜렷하고 블루베리는 잎에 거치가 없다
아로니아는 성숙한 열매의 경우 꽃받침 흔적이 안으로 들어가고 블루베리는 꽃받침이 튀어나온다
아래 : 2022.08.25 성남은행식물원
2) Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
일어명 : セイヨウカマツカ （西洋鎌柄)
영명: red chokeberry
Aronia: From the Greek Aria (a species of Sorbus), referring to the resemblance to the chokecherry fruit
arbutifolia: Having leaves like Arbutus (Strawberry Tree)
사진 : 2022.10.05 푸른수목원
꽃 (퍼온 사진)
아래 : 2023.04.12 부천 무릉도원수목원
아래 것은 A. melanocarpa A. arbutifolia인지 잎만 보아서는 잘 모르겠다. 잎 뒷면에 털이 없는 것처럼 보여 A. melanocarpa이 아닐까 생각한다
아래 : 2023.07.17 검암역
아래 : 2024.06.26 광릉수목원
역시 종명은 모르겠다. 열매에 털이 많은 것을 보면 A. arbutifolia 아닐까?
아래 : 2024.07.10 광릉수목원
Aronia Medikus, Philos. Bot. 1: 140, 155. 1789.
[name conserved]
Chokeberry [Greek Aria, name for whitebeam (formerly a species of Sorbus), alluding to resemblance to chokeberry fruit]
Richard J. Pankhurst†
Adenorachis (de Candolle) Nieuwland; Pyrus Linnaeus sect. Adenorachis de Candolle; Sorbus Linnaeus sect. Aronia (Medikus) C. K. Schneider
Shrubs, 8–20 dm; ˂suckering˃. Stems 1–20+, erect; bark gray or brown, ˂smooth˃; short shoots absent; unarmed; appressed-pilose, glabrous, or glabrescent. Leaves deciduous, cauline, simple; stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, narrowly triangular, margins glandular; petiole present; blade elliptic to obovate, 2.5–7.5(–18) cm, membranous, margins flat, glandular serrulate-dentate, venation pinnate, surfaces glabrous or glabrescent to pilose (or villous). Inflorescences lateral and apparently terminal, 5–12(–20)-flowered, corymbose, appressed pilose; bracts reduced to glands; bracteoles reduced to glands. Pedicels present. Flowers: perianth and androecium epigynous, 12–20 mm diam.; hypanthium campanulate, 1–2 mm, glabrous or villous; sepals 5, erect, triangular; petals 5, white to pale pink, elliptic to orbiculate, ˂base clawed˃; stamens 16–22, equal to petals; carpels 5, connate proximally, adnate to hypanthium, hairy, styles terminal, distinct; ovules 2. Fruits pomes, red or black, obovoid or subglobose, 6–9(–11) mm, glabrous or pilose; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, ± appressed; carpels cartilaginous; styles ˂and often filaments˃ persistent. Seeds 1–8 per pome, ˂2–3 mm˃. x = 17.
Species 2 (2 in the flora): e North America.
Aronia has been included in Photinia (K. R. Robertson et al. 1991) on morphologic evidence, but C. Kalkman (2004) doubted this conclusion; a phylogenetic analysis by C. S. Campbell et al. (2007), using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data, did not find a close relationship between A. arbutifolia and P. villosa. Historically, species of Aronia have been assigned variously to Adenorachis, Crataegus, Halmia M. Roemer, Malus, Mespilus, Pyrus, and Sorbus. Aronia latifolia Riddell from Kentucky appears to be a form of Amelanchier canadensis. Aronia is cultivated for food (juice, wine, and jam, and as a soft drink flavoring) and as an ornamental for its leaf color, for example, in the former Soviet Union (as A. mitschurinii A. K. Skvortsov & Maitulina), Sweden (H. A. Persson Hovmalm et al. 2004), and in North America.
Experiments by J. W. Hardin (1973) suggested that species of Aronia are variously outbreeding, self-compatible, or apomictic. They can also hybridize with Sorbus, forming the intergeneric hybrid ×Sorbaronia C. K. Schneider (see 53. Sorbus). The primary pollinators are thought to be small bees.
Varieties have been described for each species, but they are not recognized here as they appear to represent merely extremes of variation.
Aronia ×prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder [Mespilus prunifolia Marshall; Adenorachis atropurpurea (Britton) Nieuwland; Aronia atropurpurea Britton; A. floribunda (Lindley) Sweet; Photinia floribunda (Lindley) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phipps; Pyrus floribunda Lindley], the purple chokeberry, is intermediate between the two species in indumentum but has purple pomes. It is found in St. Pierre and Miquelon, eastern Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec), and the eastern United States (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin).
J. W. Hardin (1973) concluded that the two species are fairly distinct but that Aronia ×prunifolia tends to obscure the boundary between them, making meaningful identification difficult. The fact that the putative hybrid tends to make apparently normal fruit could be the result of apomixis. It could also explain why it has been able to spread beyond the range limits of at least one of its putative parents.
SELECTED REFERENCE Hardin, J. W. 1973. The enigmatic chokeberries. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 178–184.
1. Leaves shiny adaxially, glabrous or glabrescent;
hypanthia glabrous; pomes black.
.......................... Aronia melanocarpa
1. Leaves dull adaxially, abaxially pilose (except for glabrous forms);
hypanthia villous, especially proximally; pomes red.
......................... Aronia arbutifolia