황목련

학명 :  Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 

* 원변종으로 소개하지만 이미지 검색을 해보면 변종   Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy 의 품종 

'Miss Honeybee' 에 가까워 보인다

분류 : Magnoliaceae

 

 

 

사진 : 2022.04.26 여주 황학산수목원

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래 : 2023.04.20 황학산수목원

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

국표식에 3종이 등재되어 있다 

 

재배식물 정명 Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy 심장황목련 2011/12/08

재배식물 정명 Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata 'Miss Honeybee' 심장황목련 '미스 허니비' 2011/12/08

재배식물 정명 Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 황목련

 

 

 

 

학명 : Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. var. subcordata 'Miss Honeybee'

분류: Magnoliaceae

 

 

Noteworthy Characteristics

Magnolia acuminata, commonly known as cucumber tree, is native to eastern North America, reaching its largest size in the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is the only magnolia that is native to Missouri where it typically occurs in moist soils in wooded valleys, bluff bases and thickets along the Mississippi River in the far southern part of the state (Steyermark). This is a deciduous magnolia that produces slightly-fragrant, greenish-yellow, tulip-like flowers (2-4” long) at the twig tips in late spring, but is named for the green, warty, cucumber-like fruits (seedcones) that follow the flowers. Cone-like fruits mature to a showy red in late summer, releasing individual red coated seeds suspended on slender threads at maturity. Cucumber tree is a straight-trunked tree that typically grows 40-70’ (less frequently to 100’) tall with a pyramidal crown. Trunk diameter of mature trees can reach 3-4’, with furrowed dark gray-brown bark. Ovate, yellow-green leaves (to 10” long) are, as the specific epithet suggests, pointed at the tip (acuminate), but not classic narrow-tapering acuminate form. Unlike most magnolias, this tree often produces respectable fall color (gold).

 

Var. subcordata is smaller than the species growing 20 to 30 ft. tall. Its leaves are smaller, broader and a more lustrous dark green. Commonly called yellow cucumber tree, the flowers emerge with the leaves, are more tulip-shaped and closer to yellow in color.

 

* 변종 var. subcordata가 잎이 더 작고 더 넓으며 잎에 윤기가 더 짙으며 꽃 모양은 튤립에 가깝고

원변종보다 색이 짙은 노란색이라는 이야기다  

 

Genus name honors Pierre Magnol, French botanist (1638-1715).

 

Specific epithet means pointed at the tip.

 

'Miss Honeybee' is a compact large shrub or small tree with dark green, 4 to 7 in. long leaves. In early spring just before or just as the leaves emerge, it has fragrant, light to medium yellow, cup-shaped flowers with a peach reverse that mature into green, cucumber-shaped fruit composed of several orange to red seeds. It grows 20 to 25 ft. tall and 15 to 20 ft. wide. 'Miss Honeybee' is used in hybridizing and is one of the parents of Magnolia 'Gold Star' and M. 'Goldfinch'.

 

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=249442

 

원변종에 대한 FNA 설명

 

Magnolia acuminata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1082. 1759.

Cucumber-tree

 

Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus var. (e) acuminata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753; Kobus acuminata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland; Magnolia acuminata var. alabamensis Ashe; M. acuminata var. aurea (Ashe) Ashe; M. acuminata subsp. cordata (Michaux) E. Murray; M. acuminata var. cordata (Michaux) Seringe; M. acuminata var. ludoviciana Sargent; M. acuminata var. ozarkensis Ashe; M. acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy; M. cordata Michaux; Tulipastrum acuminatum (Linnaeus) Small; T.acuminatum var. aureum Ashe; T.acuminatum var. flavum Small; T.acuminatum var. ludovicianum (Sargent) Ashe; T.acuminatum var. ozarkense (Ashe) Ashe; T.americanum Spach; T.americanum var. subcordatum Spach; T.cordatum (Michaux) Small

 

Trees, deciduous, single-trunked, to 30 m. Bark dark gray, furrowed. Pith homogeneous. Twigs and foliar buds silvery-pubescent. Leaves distinctly alternate,not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 3.2-4.3 × 1.4-1.6 cm, abaxially pilose. Leaf blade broadly ovate-elliptic, oblong to oblong-obovate, rarely somewhat rotund, (5-)10-25(-40) × 4-15(-26) cm, base cuneate to truncate or broadly rounded, often somewhat oblique, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially pale green to whitish, pilose to nearly glabrous, adaxially green, glabrous or rarely scattered pilose. Flowers slightly aromatic, 6-9 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, abaxially silky-pubescent; tepals erect, strongly glaucous to greenish or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, outermost tepals reflexed, much shorter, green; stamens (50-)60-122(-139), 5-13 mm; filaments white; pistils (35-)40-45(-60). Follicetums oblong-cylindric, often asymmetric, 2-7 × 0.8-2.7 cm; follicles short-beaked, glabrous. Seeds heart-shaped, somewhat flattened to somewhat globose, 9-10 mm, smooth, aril reddish orange. 2n=76.

 

Flowering spring. Rich woods, slopes, and ravines, often along streams; 0–1400 m; Ont.; Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.

 

The vernacular name, cucumber-tree, alludes to the resemblance of the follicetum to the young fruit of cucumber. It is the only magnolia species in the flora that occurs naturally in Canada.

 

Studies of Magnolia acuminata have failed to reconcile the nature of variation in this widespread species. In an attempt to settle differences in variation patterns, J.W. Hardin (1954) recognized four infraspecific taxa in M. acuminata . Later (1972, 1989) Hardin abandoned his earlier views for a more conservative stance, stating that variation in M. acuminata lacked any consistent pattern or geographic correlation. This is the view taken here--no infraspecific taxa are accepted for M. acuminata at this time. Its flowers are normally greenish and glaucous or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, less showy than those of other magnolias in the flora. In southern areas, trees with yellow to orange-yellow flowers (originally described by Michaux as M. cordata ) occur in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and perhaps elsewhere, together with trees that bear normal greenish flowers. Both filiform and flagelliform trichomes occur on the leaves; cylindric trichomes also occur.

 

Magnolia acuminata is of value to horticulturists because no other species of the genus has yellow tepals . Magnolia acuminata contains major quantities of xanthophyll lutein-5,6-epoxide and, in smaller amounts, acarotene-5,6-epoxide. Although this carotenoid occurs randomly throughout populations of M. acuminata , often it is masked by chlorophyll and not visibly expressed. Sometimes the carotenoid pigment shows through, as in the hybrid M. acuminata × M. denudata 'Elizabeth'. In that cross the M. acuminata parent tree was a nondescript plant with greenish flowers; yet out of this hybrid came 'Elizabeth', a stunning plant with light canary yellow flowers, a result completely unexpected. A thorough field study of M. acuminata is clearly warranted, and further investigation of the carotenoid flower pigments is needed to clarify the taxonomy of this widespread tree.

 

The largest known tree of Magnolia acuminata , 29.6m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.26m, is recorded from a specimen cultivated in Waukon, Iowa (American Forestry Association 1994).

 

The Cherokee and Iroquois tribes used Magnolia acuminata , largely the bark, as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal aid, anthelmintic, toothache remedy, and for various other uses (D.E. Moerman 1986).

 

 

 

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500766