학명 : Melastoma malabathricum L.
Synonym : Melastoma candidum D. Don
국내에서는 보통 Synonym으로 소개되어 있다
분류 : Melastomataceae
중국어명 : 野牡丹
Common Names : Malabar melastome, Indian rhododendron, Singapore rhododendron
사진 : 2023.02.05 부천수피아식물원
Hypanthium 5-9 mm, densely compressed strigose, margin fimbriate
수술은 10개로 긴 수술 5개, 짧은 수술 5개다. 꽃밥은 노란색이다
아래 : 2023.03.09 부천수피아식물원
긴 수술 5개로 길게 휘어지는 약격(연분홍색)이 있다,
짧은 수술 5개로 약격은 길지 않고 직립한다(약격도 노란색인 듯),
꽃밥은 끝이 2열하고 노란색이다
암술은 1개이다
Longer stamens with connective(연분홍색) long extended at base, curved, apex bifid.
Shorter stamens with anthers(노란색) 2-tuberculate at base; connective not extended.
Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 390. 1753.
野牡丹 ye mu dan
Melastoma affine D. Don; M. candidum D. Don; M. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; M. esquirolii H. Léveillé; M. malabathricum subsp. normale (D. Don) K. Meyer; M. normale D. Don; M. polyanthum Blume.
Shrubs 0.5-1(-5) m tall, erect. Stems 4-sided to subterete; branchlets numerous, procumbent, densely covered with appressed scales. Petiole 0.5-1.9 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-14 × 1.7-3.5(-6) cm, stiffly papery, abaxially densely strigose and puberulous, adaxially densely strigose, secondary veins 2(or 3) on each side of midvein, tertiary veins numerous and parallel, base rounded to subcordate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences subcapitate corymbose, terminal, 3-7-flowered, with 2 leaflike bracts at base. Pedicel 2-8(-10) mm, strigose, apically 2-bracteolate, bracteoles lanceolate to subulate, 2-5 mm, abaxially densely strigose, margin ciliate. Hypanthium 5-9 mm, densely compressed strigose, margin fimbriate. Calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, on both sides and along their margin squamosly strigose and pubescent. Petals reddish purple, 2-3(-4) cm, margin only ciliate, apex rounded. Longer stamens with connective long extended at base, curved, apex bifid. Shorter stamens with anthers 2-tuberculate at base; connective not extended. Ovary half inferior, densely strigose, apically with a ring of setae. Fruit urceolate-globular, 6-15 × 6-12 mm, succulent, densely squamose strigose. Fl. Feb-Aug, fr. Jul-Dec.
Open fields, grasslands, scrub, thickets, sparse forests, bamboo forests, trailsides; 100-2800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].
속에 대한 설명
Melastoma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 389. 1753.
野牡丹属 ye mu dan shu
Shrubs or small shrubs. Stems 4-sided or nearly terete, often squamose-strigose. Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces, secondary veins 2 or 3(or 4) on each side of midvein, margin entire. Flowers terminal or on top of branches, solitary, clustered, or panicled, 5-merous, showy. Hypanthium globose-urceolate, pubescent or squamose strigose. Calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate, lobulate or not. Petals usually obovate, oblique. Stamens 10, whorls very unequal in length. Longer stamens with purple anthers; connective long extended at base, adaxially with 2 tubercles. Shorter stamens with yellow anthers; connective not extended but with 2 abaxial tubercles. Ovary half inferior, ovoid, 5-celled, apex with dense trichomes; placenta axile, sometimes fleshy in fruit. Style filiform, as long as petals. Fruit a capsule or sometimes berrylike, porose dehiscence or transverse dehiscence at middle, pubescent or squamosly strigose. Seeds numerous, small, cochleate, densely punctate.
Twenty-two species: SE Asia, N Australia, Pacific islands; five species (one endemic) in China.
The genus was revised by Meyer (Blumea 46: 351-398. 2001).
위키페디아 설명
wikipedia
Melastoma malabathricum, known also as Malabar melastome, Indian rhododendron, Singapore rhododendron, planter's rhododendron and senduduk, is a flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae. This plant is native to Indomalaya, Japan and Australia, and is usually found at elevations between 100 m and 2,800 m in grassland and sparse forest habitats.[2] It has been used as a medicinal plant in certain parts of the world,[3] but has been declared a noxious weed in the United States.[4] M. malabathricum is a known hyperaccumulator of aluminium, and as such can be used for phytoremediation.[5]
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the genus Melastoma requires a complete revision.[6] Early genetics studies were published from 2001,[7] through to recently,[8] but a revision based on them has yet to be. In 2001 Karsten Meyer proposed a revision in which the species Melastoma affine and other species were subsumed within this species M. malabathricum.[9]
In Australia, currently most authorities do not accept this; instead the naturally occurring populations in Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and north eastern New South Wales remain recognised as M. affine,[10][11] except by authorities in Queensland.[12][13] Australian populations which occur as weeds, having different flowers, for example in Warraroon Reserve, Lane Cove, Sydney, further south than the natural distribution of M. affine, are introduced plants of this M. malabathricum L. species.[14]
Description
M. malabathricum grows wild on a wide range of soils, from sea-level up to an altitude of 3000 meters. It is an erect, free-flowering shrub that grows to a height of about 3 meters. The plant is branched, and has reddish stems that are covered with bristly scales and minute hairs. Its leaves are simple, elliptic lanceolate with a rounded base, are up to 7 cm long, and have three distinct main veins running from base to apex. Its flowers are borne on short terminal cymes 2 to 8 cm across. The flowers are pink, violet or mauve.[15] Its fruit is a berry, which when ripe breaks irregularly to expose its soft, dark blue pulp and orange seeds.[16]