학명 : Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst.) Hoffm.
분류 : Marattiaceae
사진 : 2023.02.05 부천 수피아식물원
FOC
Angiopteris evecta (G. Forster) Hoffmann, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 12: 29. 1796.
莲座蕨 lian zuo jue
Polypodium evectum G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 81. 1786; Angiopteris acrocarpa de Vriese; A. alata Nadeaud; A. commutata C. Presl; A. durvilleana de Vriese; A. oldhamii Hieronymus; A. palmiformis (Cavanilles) C. Christensen; Clementea palmiformis Cavanilles.
Fronds 2-5 m; stipes smooth. Laminae bipinnate; pinnae 65-70 cm, with 15-30 pairs of spreading pinnules; pinnules 7-20 × 0.9-3.5 cm, bases cordate, rounded to cuneate, margins crenulate to serrate, apices acuminate to caudate. Veins obvious, false veins obvious, extending nearly to costule. Sori marginal to ca. 1 mm from margin, ca. 2 mm, with 8-10 sporangia.
Broad-leaved forests, rain forests in valleys, roadsides, slopes, usually on volcanic soils; 100-1200 m. Taiwan (Lan Yu) [New Guinea, Philippines; Australia, S Pacific islands; naturalized in Costa Rica, Hawaii, Jamaica, and possibly elsewhere].
Because this is the first species described in the genus Angiopteris, it has found a very broad application in the past. The species is here treated in its strict sense with a Pacific distribution (see Christenhusz & Toivonen, Biol. Invas. 10: 1215-1228. 2008), and it can be recognized by its very obvious false veins and its rather large leaves to 5 m. This remains a species complex, however, and more studies at population level and possibly horticultural experiments will be needed to resolve this.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242303401
Angiopteris evecta, commonly known as the king fern, giant fern, elephant fern, oriental vessel fern, Madagascar tree fern, or mule's Foot fern, is a very large rainforest fern in the family Marattiaceae native to most parts of Southeast Asia and Oceania. It has a history dating back about 300 million years, and is believed to have the longest fronds of any fern in the world.
Description
Angiopteris evecta is a self-supporting evergreen perennial fern with very large bipinnate fronds. The trunk-like rhizome is massive, measuring up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. The older portions of the rhizome lie on the ground while the newer growth may rise vertically up to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) high.
The arching, glossy green fronds, which emerge from the tip of the rhizome, may reach up to 9 m (30 ft) long and 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide, with the fleshy green petiole (leaf stem) making up 2 m (6 ft 7 in) of that length.[4][5][6][7] They are said to be the longest fern fronds in the world,[8][9][10] and despite their enormous size they have no woody strengthening tissues in the fronds to keep them erect—instead they are supported entirely by the hydraulic pressure of the sap.[11] On either side of the petiole where it arises from the rhizome there are flat, rounded, leathery, ear-shaped stipules, known as "auricles",[12][13] which can measure up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter.
The fronds are bipinnate with about 9 to 12 pairs of pinnae measuring up to 150 cm (59 in) long and 45 cm (18 in) wide. Each pinnae carries about 30 to 40 pairs of pinnules that measure around 13 by 2 cm (5.1 by 0.8 in), and both the main rachis and the secondary rachillae (midribs) are pulvinate (swollen at the base).[5][14] Sporangia are borne on the underside of the pinnules, very close to the margin, in clusters of 5 to 8 opposite pairs.[6][11] Overall dimensions of this fern can be up to 7 m (23 ft) high by 16 m (52 ft) wide.[4][6][7][15][16]
Evolution
Fossilised fronds bearing a distinct similarity to this plant have been found in Paleozoic rocks from every continent,[11] indicating that the species is very primitive and was widespread around 300 million years ago, a time when ferns and their relatives were the dominant plants on the planet.[8][9][10][11] The geographically isolated communities seen today point to favourable climatic conditions being more widespread in the past.[4]
Taxonomy
021 Angiopteris evecta ryubintai.jpg
Angiopteris evecta was originally named and described as Polypodium evectum by Georg Forster in 1786, in his work Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus.[17] It was moved to the genus Angiopteris in 1794 by Georg Franz Hoffmann, publishing in the journal Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis.[18][19] A. evecta is the type species of the genus Angiopteris.[20]
Etymology
The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek aggeion, a vessel, and pteris, a fern, and is a reference to the sporangia.[14] The species epithet is the Latin adjective evectus meaning to carry out, bring forth, raise, or elevate.[21]
이하 생략
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiopteris_evecta