Saraca indica(無憂樹)

불교에 나오는 무우수(無憂樹)는  두 종이 있다

하나는 Saraca indica L.이고 다른 하나는 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.이다 인도어로 둘 다 Ashoka tree인데 Ashoka 는 Sorrowless의 뜻이다

 

분류 : Fabaceae

 

사진 : 2023.02.15 서울식물원

 

아래 사진은 Saraca indica L. 이다

 

 

 

 

아래는 위에 있는 것과 좀 떨어진 장소에 있는 것이다. 앞에 있는 것과  좀 느낌이 다르다

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

위 두 종에 대한 위키의 설명을 함께 싣는다

 

 

 

1) Saraca indica L.

   영명 : Ashoka tree

Origin: Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia

 

Saraca indica, commonly known as the asoka tree, ashok or simply asoca,[2] is a plant belonging to the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. The original plant specimen from which Carl Linnaeus described the species came from Java, but the name S. indica has been generally incorrectly applied to S. asoca since 1869.[3] It can be distinguished from S. asoca by its non-clasping bracteoles, a lower number of ovules, slightly smaller pods, and a more eastern geographic distribution.[4]

The seeds are eaten by monkeys and squirrels, and Thai people eat the flowers and leaves of one variety of the species.[5]

Saraca is sometimes confused with the false ashoka, Monoon longifolium, which is a lofty evergreen tree native to India. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins. The false ashoka tree is known to grow over 30 ft in height.

 

출처 

Saraca indica - Wikipedia

 

참조 사이트

http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Saraca%20indica/Main.html

http://riverineparks.blogspot.com/2013/01/saraca-indica.html

 

 

 

2) Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.

영명 : Ashoka tree

Origin : Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka

 

석가모니 부처님 탄생 설화에서 출산을 하러 친정에 가던 마애부인이 태기를 느끼고 무우수나무 가지를 잡고 편안하게 출산을 하였다는 기록이 있는데 위키 설명으로 본다면 불교에서 말하는 무우수나무는 이 Saraca asoca를 가리키는 것으로 보인다 

 

Saraca asoca, commonly known as the Ashoka tree (lit. "sorrow-less"), is a plant belonging to the Detarioideae subfamily of the legume family.[2] It is an important tree in the cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent and adjacent areas. It is sometimes incorrectly known as Saraca indica.[3] The flower of Ashoka tree is the state flower of Indian state of Odisha.[4]

Description

The ashoka is a rain-forest tree. Its original distribution was in the central areas of the Deccan plateau, as well as the middle section of the Western Ghats in the western coastal zone of the Indian subcontinent.

The ashoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant flowers. It is a handsome, small, erect evergreen tree, with deep green leaves growing in dense clusters.

Its flowering season is around February to April. The ashoka flowers come in heavy, lush bunches. They are bright orange-yellow in color, turning red before wilting.

As a wild tree, the ashoka is a vulnerable species. It is becoming rarer in its natural habitat, but isolated wild ashoka trees are still to be found in the foothills of the central and eastern Himalayas, in scattered locations of the northern plains of India as well as on the west coast of the subcontinent near Mumbai.[citation needed]

There are a few varieties of the ashoka tree. One variety is larger and highly spreading. The columnar varieties are common in cultivation.

Mythology and tradition

The ashoka tree is considered sacred throughout the Indian subcontinent, especially in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. This tree has many folklorical, religious and literary associations in the region. Highly valued as well for its handsome appearance and the color and abundance of its flowers, the ashoka tree is often found in royal palace compounds and gardens as well as close to temples throughout India.[5]

 

The ashoka tree is closely associated with the yakshi mythological beings. One of the recurring elements in Indian art, often found at gates of Buddhist and Hindu temples, is the sculpture of a yakshini with her foot on the trunk and her hands holding the branch of a flowering ashoka tree. As an artistic element, often the tree and the yakshi are subject to heavy stylization. Some authors hold that the young girl at the foot of this tree is based on an ancient tree deity related to fertility.[6]

 

Yakshis under the ashoka tree were also important in early Buddhist monuments as a decorative element and are found in many ancient Buddhist archaeological sites. With the passing of the centuries the yakshi under the ashoka tree became a standard decorative element of Hindu Indian sculpture and was integrated into Indian temple architecture as salabhanjika, because there is often a confusion between the ashoka tree and the sal tree (Shorea robusta) in the ancient literature of the Indian subcontinent.[7]

In Hinduism the ashoka is considered a sacred tree. Not counting a multitude of local traditions connected to it, the ashoka tree is worshipped in Chaitra,[8] a month of the Hindu calendar.[8] It is also associated with Kamadeva, the Hindu god of love, who included an ashoka blossom among the five flowers in his quiver, where ashoka represent seductive hypnosis.[9] Hence, the ashoka tree is often mentioned in classical Indian religious and amorous poetry, having at least 16 different names in Sanskrit referring to the tree or its flowers.[10]

In Mahākāvya, or Indian epic poetry, the ashoka tree is mentioned in the Ramayana in reference to the Ashoka Vatika (garden of ashoka trees) where Hanuman first meets Sita.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca

사진 참조 사이트

https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca

 

 

 

위 두 종의 차이를 명쾌하게 보여주는 자료 찾기가 쉽지 않다. 

 

인터넷에서 구한 잎 사진과 꽃 사진을 올린다

 

1) Saraca indica

 

잎은 둔두, 원저 내지 넓은 예저로 보인다

 

 

2) Saraca asoca

 

 

잎이 예두 예저로 보인다