Bixa orellana (립스틱나무)(1)

Bixa orellana (립스틱나무)(2)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7814684

Bixa orellana (립스틱나무)(1)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7809241

 

 

학명: Bixa orellana L.

분류: Bixaceae

학명 풀이:

Bixa: from the aboriginal Taíno word "bixa"

orellana: Spanish conquistador, Francisco de Orellana, an early explorer of the Amazon River

 

영명: Annatto / Achiote / Lipstick tree

국내 유통명: 립스틱나무/홍목 / 빅사 오렐라나 / 아나토 

원산지: 아메리카 열대 지역

재배: 중남미, 인도, 동남아시아에서 많이 재배함

열매는 먹을 수 없으나 씨에서 천연색소 아나토를 얻는다. 이 색소는 식품에 참가할 수 있는 식용색소로 널리 쓰인다.

 

사진: 인천대공원

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래  : 2022.03.12 세종수목원

 

 

 

 

 

아래는 영어 위키에서 퍼 온 열매와 씨의 사진이다

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

사진 더 참조할 곳:

http://blog.daum.net/bae5411/15793305

 

위키 설명

 

Bixa orellana, also known as achiote, is a shrub native to Central America.[3][4] Bixa orellana is grown in many countries worldwide.[3]

 

The tree is best known as the source of annatto, a natural orange-red condiment (also called achiote or bijol) obtained from the waxy arils that cover its seeds.[3][4] The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in Central and South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, such as cochinita pibil, chicken in achiote, caldo de olla, and nacatamal. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial food coloring to add yellow or orange color to many products such as butter, cheese, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments.[3] Some of the indigenous peoples of North, Central, and South American originally used the seeds to make red body paint and lipstick, as well as a spice.[4] For this reason, the Bixa orellana is sometimes called the lipstick tree.[3][4]

 

The species name, Bixa orellana, was given by Linnaeus after the Spanish conquistador, Francisco de Orellana, an early explorer of the Amazon River.[4][5] The name achiote derives from the Nahuatl word for the shrub, āchiotl [aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]. It may also be referred to as aploppas, or by its original Tupi name uruku, urucu or urucum ("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds.[3]

 

 

 

Etymology and common names

The botanical genus name derives from the aboriginal Taíno word "bixa", while the specific epithet was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer Francisco de Orellana.[4] Colloquial names include bija, roucou, orellana, annatto, achiote, and many other names used regionally.[3] The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a cosmetic.[4]

 

Description

Bixa orellana is a perennial, tall shrub that can reach 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high.[3][4][6] It bears clusters of 5 cm (2 in) bright white or pink flowers, resembling single wild roses, that appear at the tips of the branches.[3] The fruits of the Bixa orellana are globular, ovoid capsules arranged in clusters resembling spiky looking red-brown seed pods covered in soft spines.[3] Each capsule, or pod, contains 30–45 cone-shaped seeds covered in a thin waxy blood-red aril.[3] When fully mature, the pod dries, hardens, and splits open, exposing the seeds.[3]

 

The shrub is most well known as the source of the red-orange annatto pigment. The pigment is derived from the pericarp (the waxy aril layer that covers the seeds) of the Bixa orellana fruit.[3][4] The red-orange annatto dye is rich in the carotenoid pigments, 80% which consists of bixin (the red pigment) and norbixin or orelline (the yellow pigment).[3][7][8]

 

Distribution

Although the exact origin of Bixa orellana is unknown, it is native to northern South America and the Central American tropics: "it is said to be indigenous by Seemann on the northwest coast of Mexico and Panama, by Triana in New Granada, by Meyer in Dutch Guiana, and by Piso and Claussen in Brazil".[4] Additionally, Bixa orellana is found in substantial wild and cultivated acreages from Mexico to Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia.[3] Although an invasive species, it is cultivated in many world regions.[3]

 

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the annatto dye was distributed to Southeast Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Hawaii and southeastern North America in tropical and subtropical regions through trading exchanges.[3][4] It became cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, and Java mainly for the dye which the seeds yield.[3]