카밀레(카모마일)[꽃족제비쑥/카밀레/개꽃아재비/길뚝개꽃 비교]

족제비쑥(1)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7809305

족제비쑥(2)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7815208

꽃족제비쑥

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7812727

꽃족제비쑥(비공개)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7812723

개꽃

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7810833

카밀레[꽃족제비쑥/카밀레/개꽃아재비/길뚝개꽃 비교]

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7810834

길뚝개꽃(비공개)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7811324

개꽃아재비(비공개)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7811325

 

학명 : Matricaria chamomilla L

분류 : 국화과

중국어명 : 母菊

일어명 : カモミール、カモマイル

영어명 : Chamomile

 

사진: 2016.06.06 석룡산 조무락골

 

 

카밀레는 같이 열거한 다른 3종과 달리 좋은 향기가 진하다 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2016.07.31 만주 이도백하

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2017.06.03 정선

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2018.06.24  서오릉

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2021. 06.10 석룡산 조무락골

 

포편 가장자리 막질 부분이 넓다

 

 

 

화탁 안은 중공이다

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

꽃족제비쑥/카밀레/개꽃아재비/길뚝개꽃 비교

 

 

	꽃족제비쑥	카밀레	개꽃아재비	길뚝개꽃
학명	Tripleurospermum inodorum	Matricaria chamomilla	Anthemis cotula	Anthemis arvensis
화탁(花床) 인편	없다	없다	있다	있다
화탁 인편 형태	-	-	선형	피침형, 중맥(中脈) 있음
설상화	암꽃	암꽃	중성	암꽃
포편 가장자리 막질		넓다	좁다	넓다
수과  (관모는 모두 없다) 아래 사진 참조	삼릉형	약간 눌린 도원추형	도란형-도원추형 돌기 있다	도란형-도원추형 돌기 없다
잎 최종 열편	실 모양	실 모양(絲狀)	둥글며 선형	납작하다
향기	없다	있다	악취	없다
털				줄기,잎, 화경에 솜털 많다

 

추가: 카밀레는 유사종인 꽃족제비쑥에 비해 개화 후 좀 지나면 설상화가 보통  심하게 밑으로 젖혀진다. 또 화상을 종단으로 절개해보면 화상 종단면이 중공으로 되어 있다

 

아래는 위 4종의 수과의 퍼온 사진이다

 

 

 

 

Anthemis  arvensis 길뚝개꽃

 

 

 

Anthemis cotula 개꽃아재비

 

 

 

 

Matricaria chamomilla 카밀레

 

Tripleurospermum inodorum 꽃족제비쑥

 

 

 

출처:

Anthemis cotula

https://www.inspection.gc.ca/plant-health/seeds/seed-testing-and-grading/seeds-identification/anthemis-cotula/eng/1473681891296/1473681891685

 

Anthemis arvensis

https://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=anar6_002_ahp.tif

 

Matricaria chamomilla

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/99387/view/-chamomile-seeds-sem-

 

Tripleurospermum inodorum

https://www.inspection.gc.ca/plant-health/seeds/seed-testing-and-grading/seeds-identification/tripleurospermum-inodorum/eng/1405513897968/1405513898734

 

<FOC> 설명

Matricaria chamomilla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 891. 1753.

母菊 mu ju

 

Chamaemelum chamomilla (Linnaeus) E. H. L. Krause; Chamomilla recutita (Linnaeus) Rauschert; C. vulgaris Gray; Chrysanthemum chamomilla (Linnaeus) Bernhardi; C. suaveolens (Linnaeus) Cavanilles; Matricaria chamomilla var. recutita (Linnaeus) Fiori; M. chamomilla f. suaveolens (Linnaeus) Fiori & Paoletti; M. recutita Linnaeus; M. suaveolens Linnaeus.

 

Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous. Stems (10-)30-40 cm tall, erect, striate, much branched in upper part. Proximal stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, (1.5-)3-4(-6) × (0.5-)1.5-2 cm, 2-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear, apex mucronulate. Distal stem leaves similar to proximal leaves, ovate or long ovate. Capitula heterogamous, 1-1.5 cm in diam., apically corymbose, pedunculate; peduncle 3-6 cm. Involucres cup-shaped; phyllaries in 2 rows, margin broadly white scarious, apex obtuse. Ray florets white; lamina ca. 6 mm. Disk florets many, yellow, tubular. Achenes 0.8-1 mm, with 5 mainly adaxial thin ribs. Corona absent. Fl. and fr. May-Jul. 2n = 18.

 

Near fields, forests, above valleys; 1800-3300 m. Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan; Europe, North America].

 

Matricaria chamomilla is cultivated as an ornamental in Beijing and Shanghai. Capitula of this species are used medicinally to induce sweat and relieve muscular spasms. The entire plant contains large amounts of Vitamins A and C.

 

 

 

개꽃아재비에 대한 설명

 

Anthemis cotula Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 894. 1753.

臭春黄菊 chou chun huang ju

 

Herbs, annual, (15-)30-50 cm tall, fetid; stems erect, corymbosely branched, sparsely pubescent or subglabrescent. Leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 1.5-6 × 0.5-3 cm, 2-pinnatisect; ultimate segments narrowly linear. Capitula terminal, solitary, long pedunculate, 1-2 cm in diam. Involucre hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong, scarious margin narrow, apex obtuse. Ray florets white; lamina 5-14 × 3-6 cm, elliptic. Disk florets yellow, tubular, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong-turbinate, 1-1.5 mm, tuberculate, obscurely 8(-10)-ribbed. Corona absent. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 18.

 

Cultivated and possibly naturalized. Nei Mongol [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe; introduced elsewhere].

 

Anthemis cotula has been recorded as a weed from E Mongolia and can be expected to behave similarly in China.

 

길뚝개꽃 Anthemis arvensis L. 에 대한 설명

 

Field Chamomile
Anthemis arvensis
Aster family (Asteraceae)

 

Description: This herbaceous plant is a winter or spring annual, producing leafy and flowering stems about 4-18" (10-45 cm.) long. These stems branch primarily near the base of the plant and they are ascending to widely sprawling. Individual stems are whitish green to light reddish green, terete, and woolly-pubescent. Alternate leaves occur along these stems that are ¾-2" (2-5 cm.) long and about one-half as much across; they are broadly oblong in outline, while their structure is deeply bipinnatifid. The ultimate leaf segments are 1.5-5.0 mm. long and about one-third as much across; these segments are oblong-acute in shape. The leaves are pale green and they are covered with short woolly pubescence that becomes more sparse with age. The short petioles are relatively broad, flattened, and whitish green to nearly white; they usually have simple or pinnate lobes along their margins that resemble the leaf segments.

The upper stems terminate in individual flowerheads that span about ¾-1¼" (2-3 cm.) across; these flowerheads have peduncles that are 1½-6" (4-15 cm.) in length. These peduncles are pale green, terete, and woolly-pubescent. Usually, small alternate bracts occur along the peduncles that resemble the leaves. Each daisy-like flowerhead has 10-18 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets; the ray florets are fertile and pistillate, while the disk florets are fertile and perfect. The petaloid rays of the ray florets are white, oblong in shape, and notched at their tips. The tiny corollas of the disk florets are yellow, tubular in shape, and 5-lobed at their apices; these lobes are triangular in shape. Alongside the disk florets, there are chaffy scales about 4 mm. in length. These scales are oblanceolate in shape and their tips are acute; sometimes these tips are awn-like. At the base of each flowerhead, there are 1-2 series of phyllaries (floral bracts) that are broadly oblong in shape. Individual phyllaries have convex central ridges that are light green, wide membranous margins that are white to light brown, and woolly pubescence; the phyllaries become chaffy with age. The foliage of this plant lacks a significant fragrance, although the crushed flowerheads are mildly fragrant (resembling apple-pineapple). The flowerheads are solid, lacking hollow centers. The blooming period usually occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1-2 months, although some plants may bloom later in the year.
The upper stems terminate in individual flowerheads that span about ¾-1¼" (2-3 cm.) across; these flowerheads have peduncles that are 1½-6" (4-15 cm.) in length. These peduncles are pale green, terete, and woolly-pubescent. Usually, small alternate bracts occur along the peduncles that resemble the leaves. Each daisy-like flowerhead has 10-18 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets; the ray florets are fertile and pistillate, while the disk florets are fertile and perfect. The petaloid rays of the ray florets are white, oblong in shape, and notched at their tips. The tiny corollas of the disk florets are yellow, tubular in shape, and 5-lobed at their apices; these lobes are triangular in shape. Alongside the disk florets, there are chaffy scales about 4 mm. in length. These scales are oblanceolate in shape and their tips are acute; sometimes these tips are awn-like. At the base of each flowerhead, there are 1-2 series of phyllaries (floral bracts) that are broadly oblong in shape. Individual phyllaries have convex central ridges that are light green, wide membranous margins that are white to light brown, and woolly pubescence; the phyllaries become chaffy with age. The foliage of this plant lacks a significant fragrance, although the crushed flowerheads are mildly fragrant (resembling apple-pineapple). The flowerheads are solid, lacking hollow centers. The blooming period usually occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1-2 months, although some plants may bloom later in the year.
The upper stems terminate in individual flowerheads that span about ¾-1¼" (2-3 cm.) across; these flowerheads have peduncles that are 1½-6" (4-15 cm.) in length. These peduncles are pale green, terete, and woolly-pubescent. Usually, small alternate bracts occur along the peduncles that resemble the leaves. Each daisy-like flowerhead has 10-18 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets; the ray florets are fertile and pistillate, while the disk florets are fertile and perfect. The petaloid rays of the ray florets are white, oblong in shape, and notched at their tips. The tiny corollas of the disk florets are yellow, tubular in shape, and 5-lobed at their apices; these lobes are triangular in shape. Alongside the disk florets, there are chaffy scales about 4 mm. in length. These scales are oblanceolate in shape and their tips are acute; sometimes these tips are awn-like. At the base of each flowerhead, there are 1-2 series of phyllaries (floral bracts) that are broadly oblong in shape. Individual phyllaries have convex central ridges that are light green, wide membranous margins that are white to light brown, and woolly pubescence; the phyllaries become chaffy with age. The foliage of this plant lacks a significant fragrance, although the crushed flowerheads are mildly fragrant (resembling apple-pineapple). The flowerheads are solid, lacking hollow centers. The blooming period usually occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1-2 months, although some plants may bloom later in the year.
At maturity, the seedheads are ovoid in shape. The achenes are 1.5-2.5 mm. in length, oblanceoloid in shape, and slightly 4-angled; they are truncate at their apices, where they lack tufts of hair or significant scales. The sides of mature achenes have longitudinal ribs that are readily visible. The achenes are distributed to a limited extent by wind and probably by water at some locations. The root system consists of a shallow much-branched taproot or it is fibrous. Reproduction is by seeds.

Cultivation: The preference is full sun, moist to dry-mesic conditions, and a calcareous soil containing clay-loam, loam, silt, gravel, or sand. Drought tolerance is good. The seeds can remain viable in the ground for 10 years or more (Kay, 1971).

Range& Habitat: Field Chamomile has been found in scattered locations across Illinois (see Distribution Map), but this non-native plant is relatively uncommon within the state. It was introduced into North America from Eurasia, where it is native. In Illinois, habitats consist of fallow fields, roadsides, flood zones along drainage canals and retention ponds, vacant lots and abandoned homestead sites, and waste areas. Highly disturbed areas are preferred.

Faunal Associations: The flowerheads probably attract small bees, various flies (including Syrphid flies), and other insects. Both nectar and pollen are available as floral rewards to such visitors. Insects that feed destructively on Field Chamomile and other Anthemis spp. include Polymerus basalis (Red-Spotted Aster Mirid) and two aphids, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Macrosiphoniella tapuskae. The former aphid is typically found on the flowerheads, peduncles, and upper stems, while the latter aphid is typically found on the lower leaves. The polyphagous caterpillars of a moth, Orthonama obstipata (The Gem), have been reported to feed on mayweeds by Covell (1984/2005). Field Chamomile belongs to the group of plants that are commonly referred to as mayweeds in Europe. The foliage of Field Chamomile is probably browsed sparingly by mammalian herbivores, while Canada Geese seem to avoid it. Because the seeds can pass through the gastrointestinal tracts of both cattle and pigeons and remain viable (Kay, 1971), these animals may spread them to new areas. It is also possible for the seeds to cling to the bottoms of the muddy shoes of people and the muddy hoofs of animals, by which means they can spread to new areas.
Comments: Field Chamomile (Anthemis arvensis) is one of the plants that are commonly referred to as mayweeds. Examples of these species include Anthemis cotula (Dog Fennel), Chamaemelum nobile (Roman Chamomile), Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile), and Tripleurospermum perforatum (Scentless Chamomile). As a group, they are difficult to distinguish from each other. All of these species have daisy-like flowerheads that resemble those of Leucanthemum vulgare (Ox-Eye Daisy), but their foliage is deeply dissected (typically bipinnatifid). Field Chamomile can be distinguished from other mayweeds by its flat leaf-segments (rather than terete leaf-segments), by the presence and shape of the chaffy scales in its flowerheads, by the woolly pubescence of its foliage, and by the appearance of its achenes. The foliage of Field Chamomile lacks the pleasant fragrance of Roman Chamomile, nor does it possess the unpleasant odor of Dog Fennel. Similar to German Chamomile, the crushed flowerheads of Field Chamomile are mildly fragrant, but it has completely solid flowerheads, whereas the flowerheads of German Chamomile have interiors that are partly hollow.

설명 출처: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/field_chamo.html

 

 

기타 참조 사이트

개꽃아재비 Anthemis cotula L

http://actaplantarum.org/acta/galleria1.php?aid=3196&view=2&p=18#a

 

길뚝개꽃

http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/field_chamo.html

http://actaplantarum.org/acta/galleria1.php?lista=0&mode=1&cat=24&cid=20&aid=2926

 

 

개꽃아재비 세밀화

 

 

 

 

 

세밀화 출처:

http://image.baidu.com/

 

 

길뚝개꽃 세밀화

 

 

 

 

 

세밀화 출처:

http://image.baidu.com/