서양고추나물

 

고추나물속 식물 검색표 http://blog.daum.net/daehyo/7810493

서양고추나물 http://blog.daum.net/daehyo/7810927

 

 

 

 

학명 :  Hypericum perforatum L.

분류 : 물레나물과(Clusiaceae = GUTTIFERAE)

 

영명: perforate St John's-wort, common Saint John's wort and St John's wort

  

사진: 2018.11.11 인천대공원

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아래: 2018.11.22 위와 동일장소

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

잎에는 명점과 흑점이 함께 있다

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

줄기에는 낮은  능선이 2개 있다(마디마다 위치가 달라진다)

 

 

아래 : 2022.07.14 인천수목원

 

 

가지는 많이 갈라진다 

 

 

 

수술은 3개의 묶음으로 이루어진다 

 

 

꽃잎 뒷면 가장자리에 흑점이 있다. 꽃밥에도 흑점이 보인다 

 

 

열매에는 명점과  몇 개의 명선이 있다

 

꽃잎 가장자리에 톱니가 있는데 이것이 종의 특징인지는 알 수 없다.

 

 

잎 표면에는 주로 명점이 보인다 

 

잎 뒷면에는 주로 흑점이 보인다

 

 

 

위키 설명

 

Hypericum perforatum, known as perforate St John's-wort, common Saint John's wort and St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is believed to be a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity, although high-quality clinical evidence for such effects is limited.

The primary phytochemical constituent of St John's wort is hyperforin

    

Perforate St John's wort is a herbaceous perennial plant with extensive, creeping rhizomes. Its reddish stems are erect and branched in the upper section, and can grow up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high. The stems are woody near their base and may appear jointed from leaf scars. The branches are typically clustered about a depressed base. It has opposite and stalkless leaves that are narrow and oblong in shape and 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long. Leaves borne on the branches subtend the shortened branchlets. The leaves are yellow-green in color, with scattered translucent dots of glandular tissue. The dots are conspicuous when held up to the light, giving the leaves the "perforated" appearance to which the plant's Latin name refers. The flowers measure up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in) across, have five petals and sepals, and are colored bright yellow with conspicuous black dots. The flowers appear in broad helicoid cymes at the ends of the upper branches, between late spring and early to mid summer. The cymes are leafy and bear many flowers. The pointed sepals have black glandular dots. The many stamens are united at the base into three bundles. The pollen grains are ellipsoidal. The black and lustrous seeds are rough, netted with coarse grooves.

 

When flower buds (not the flowers themselves) or seed pods are crushed, a reddish/purple liquid is produced

    

충처: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum 

 

 

 

국생지

 

분포

북아메리카, 중국, 호주 등지에 귀화되었다.

▶인천의 월미도 지역에서 채집 확인하였다.

형태

여러해살이풀이다.

크기

높이 20-70㎝이다.

잎

원줄기에 있는 잎은 가지에서 난 잎보다 크며 엽병(葉柄)은 없고, 엽신(葉身)은 길이가 1.3-2.5㎝, 폭이 4-6㎜로 다수의 명점(明点)이 분포되며 가장자리와 뒷면에 흑점이 있다.

꽃

꽃은 7-8월에 피며, 황색이고 지름이 2㎝ 내외로 줄기와 가지 끝에 취산꽃차례를 이룬다. 꽃받침은 5개이고 열편은 피침형으로 끝이 뾰족하고 명점(明点)이 분포되며 길이가 3-5㎜이다. 꽃잎은 5개이며 황색이고 거꿀달걀모양이며 길이가 1㎝정도로 가장자리와 뒷면에 흑점이 있다. 수술은 다수이며 수술대 기부가 이합되어 3군(群)으로 된다. 암술대는 3개로 씨방보다 길고 씨방은 3실(室)이다.

열매

열매는 달걀모양(卵形)으로 표면에 몇 개의 명선(明線)과 타원형의 명점이 있다. 종자의 길이는 1-1.5㎜이며 원주형이고 진한 흑갈색이다.

줄기

줄기는 높이 20-70㎝로 아래쪽이 목질화되며 가지를 많이 치고 원주상(圓柱狀)의 마디사이에 위치를 바꾸어가며 낮은 2개의 능선(稜線)이 세로로 발달한다.

유사종

▶고추나물(H. erectum): 줄기는 원주형으로 능선(稜線)이 없고, 엽신은 길이가 2-6㎝, 폭이 7-30㎜로 크며 기부가 줄기를 감싸고 있다. 꽃은 지름이 1.5-2㎝이고 열매의 표면에 명선(明線)만 있다.

특징

▶국내에서는 1997년 8월에 인천의 월미도 지역에서 채집 확인하였다. `고추나물`과 비슷하여 `서양고추나물`로 국명을 신칭하였다.

 

 

FOC 기재문

 

Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 785. 1753.

贯叶连翘 guan ye lian qiao

 

(학명 이명)

Hypericum perforatum var. confertiflorum Debeaux; H. perforatum var. microphyllum H. Léveillé (1908), not Candolle (1815).

(설명)

Herbs, perennial, 20-60(-100) cm tall, erect from creeping and rooting base; stems numerous to few, much branched especially distally. Stems 2-lined, with few black glands on lines. Leaves sessile to subsessile; blade ± narrowly elliptic to ± narrowly oblong or linear, (0.7-)1-2.5(-3) cm × 3-7(-15) mm; thickly papery, abaxially paler; laminar glands pale, scattered and sometimes black, few, dots; intramarginal glands black, spaced, interspersed with small dense pale ones; main lateral veins ca. 2-paired, tertiary reticulation lax or scarcely visible; base subcordate-amplexicaul to rather narrowly cuneate, margin entire, plane or ± recurved, apex obtuse. Inflorescence 3- to numerous-flowered, from 1-3 nodes; flowering branches curved-ascending from up to 15 or sometimes more nodes below, the whole nearly flat-topped to broadly pyramidal or cylindric; bracts and bracteoles to 4(-7) mm, narrowly lanceolate to linear, margin entire. Flowers 1.5-2.5(-3) cm in diam., stellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex acute. Sepals free, erect in bud, recurved in fruit, narrowly oblong or lanceolate to linear, equal, 3-4(-5) × 1-1.2 mm; laminar glands pale and often a few black, in 2(-4) rows, streaks (basally) to dots; intramarginal glands black, few, or absent; margin entire, apex acute to acuminate with tip somewhat glandular; veins 3(-5). Petals golden yellow, oblong to oblong-elliptic, (0.8-)1.2-1.5 cm × 5-6 mm, 3-4 × as long as sepals, asymmetric; laminar glands black or pale, dots to lines, or often absent; intramarginal glands black or pale, distal, in sinuses when present; margin distally ± crenate. Stamens 40-60, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 6-8 mm, 0.5-0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid; styles 3, 4.5-6 mm, 1.5-2 × as long as ovary, broadly to rather narrowly spreading. Capsule ovoid-conic to ovoid, 3-6.5 × 3-5 mm, 1-1.5 × as long as sepals; valves with abaxial vittae and lateral yellowish, elongate or short vesicles. Seeds dark brown, ca. 1 mm; testa finely linear-foveolate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 32, 48.

(생육지와 분포)

Open woodlands, meadows, grasslands, and steppes, riverbanks, stony and grassy slopes, roadsides, in dry or well-drained habitats; 100-2800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [NW India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; NW Africa, SW to C Asia, Atlantic islands, Europe (except extreme N); introduced into many parts of the world].

 

Hypericum perforatum is apparently an allotetraploid that would appear to have arisen from a cross between two diploid taxa, namely H. maculatum subsp. immaculatum (Balkan Peninsula) and H. attenuatum (W Siberia to China).

 

 

In both the SW (S Europe, Mediterranean) and SE (China) parts of its range, small-leaved forms of Hypericum perforatum evolved, and both have been named var. microphyllum (respectively by Candolle in 1815 and H. Léveillé in 1908). This more southern Chinese form (var. confertiflorum Debeaux), which intergrades morphologically with the larger-leaved more northern Chinese form, has small, narrow leaves, with dense, smallish partial inflorescences remaining distinct on elongate, widely ascending branches.

 

 

Hypericum perforatum has been subdivided into four subspecies, of which two occur in China.

 

중국 분포 아종 분류

 

1. Leaves (at least on main stem) sessile; petal laminar glands usually all pale. ........................ subsp. songaricum

1. Leaves all petiolate; petal laminar glands all black or absent.

....................... subsp. chinense

 

 

 

위키에서 퍼온 꽃 사진