학명 : Gleditsia sinensis Lamarck
분류 : 콩과(Fabaceae)
사진 : 2021.08.26 전주수목원
아래 : 2023.13.20 평깅식물원
아래 : 2024.01.19 인천수목원
아래 : 2024.02.03 평강식물원
국생지
형태
낙엽활엽 교목이다.
잎
잎은 어긋나기하고 우상복엽이며 소엽은 3~6쌍이고 장 타원형 또는 난상 타원형으로 길이 1~9cm, 나비 5~35mm이며 양끝이 둔하거나 약간 뾰족하고 표면은 주맥과 맥 위에 갈색 털이 약간 있으며 뒷면은 맥 위에만 갈색 털이 있고 가장자리에는 물결모양의 둔한 톱니가 있다.
꽃
꽃은 일가화이고 6월에 피며 이삭꽃차례로 달린다. 가시가 큰 것은 길이 10cm, 지름 1cm 이상으로서 방추형 비슷하다.
열매
과실은 협과로 길이 20cm, 나비 3cm로 비틀리지 않고 두꺼우며 쪼개면 매운 냄새가 나고 10월에 성숙한다.
이용방안
과실 및 가시는 약용.
FOC
Gleditsia sinensis Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 465. 1788.
皂荚 zao jia
Gleditsia horrida Willdenow; G. macracantha Desfontaines; G. officinalis Hemsley.
Trees or small trees, to 30 m tall. Branches grayish to deep brown. Spines robust, terete, conical, to 16 cm, often branched. Leaves pinnate, 10-18(-26) cm; petiolules 1-2(-5) mm, puberulent; leaflets (2 or)3-9 pairs, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, 2-8.5(-12.5) × 1-4(-6) cm, papery, abaxially slightly pubescent on midvein, adaxially puberulent, reticulate veinlets conspicuously raised on both surfaces, base rounded or cuneate, sometimes slightly oblique, margin serrate, apex acute or acuminate, tip rounded, mucronate. Flowers polygamous, yellowish white, in axillary or terminal, puberulent racemes 5-14 cm. Male flowers: 9-10 mm in diam.; pedicels 2-8(-10) mm; receptacle deep brown, 2.5-3 mm, outside pubescent; sepals 4, triangular-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, both sides pubescent; petals 4, oblong, 4-5 mm, puberulent; stamens (6-)8; rudimentary pistil ca. 2.5 mm. Bisexual flowers: 10-12 mm in diam.; pedicels 2-5 mm; sepals and petals similar to those of male flowers but longer; stamens 8; ovary hairy at base and on sutures; ovules numerous; stigma 2-lobed. Legume brown or reddish brown, curved, strap-shaped, 12-37 × 2-4 cm, straight or twisted, with slightly thick pulp, swollen on both surfaces, some legumes shorter and smaller, ± terete, 5-13 × 1-1.5 cm, without seeds; stipe 1-3.5 cm; valves leathery, often farinose. Seeds numerous, brown, shiny, oblong or elliptic, 11-13 × 8-9 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Dec. 2n = 28*.
● Mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Specimens from Sichuan called "zhu ya zao," named as Gleditsia officinalis, with curved, small fruit without seeds, are an abnormal type and are referable to this species.
세밀화
