부추(2)
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7816441
부추(1)
https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7807481
학명 : Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.
분류 : 백합과 (Liliaceae)/(APG Ⅳ)수선화과 (Amaryllidaceae)
일어명 : ニラ（韮・韭)
중국어명 : 韭(구)
사진 : 2024.09.25 황학산수목원
국생지
분포
▶한국, 중국, 일본에 분포한다.
▶전국에서 흔히 재배한다.
생육환경
산과 들에서 자란다. 밭에서 재배하기도 한다.
생육형
여러해살이풀.
크기
꽃대는 높이 30-40cm.
잎
잎은 서며 선형이고 육질이며 길이 30cm내외로 녹색을 띤다.
꽃
7-8월에 잎사이에서 길이 30-40㎝의 편평한 꽃대가 나와 끝에 큰 우산모양꽃차례가 피는데, 곧게 선 가늘고 작은 화경에 촘촘히 모여 반구상을 이룬다. 총포는 막질이며 꽃은 백색이고 지름 6-7mm로서 꽃자루가 길며 화피가 수평으로 퍼진다. 화피열편은 긴 타원상 피침형이고 끝이 뾰족하며 6개이다. 수술도 6개이지만 화피보다 약간 짧고 꽃밥은 황색이다.
열매
과실은 삭과로서 거꿀심장모양이며 3갈래로 벌어져 6개의 검은색 종자가 나오는데, 이것을 구자라고 한다.
뿌리
비늘줄기는 밑부분에 근경이 달리고 좁은 달걀모양이며 바깥 비늘은 검은 황색의 섬유로 둘러싸여 있다.
번식방법
종자로 번식한다.
유사종
▶마늘(A. sativum for. pekinense)
▶산마늘(A. victorials var. platyphyllum)
특징
전초에서 특이한 냄새가 난다.
FOC
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 38. 1825.
韭 jiu
Allium argyi H. Léveillé; A. chinense Maximowicz (1859), not G. Don (1827); A. clarkei J. D. Hooker; A. roxburghii Kunth; A. sulvia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; A. tuberosum Roxburgh (1832); A. uliginosum G. Don (1827), not Ledebour (1830); A. yesoense Nakai.
Bulbs clustered, cylindric; tunic dull yellow to yellowish brown, reticulate to subreticulate. Leaves linear, shorter than scape, 1.5--8 mm wide, flat, solid, margin smooth. Scape 25--60 cm, terete, usually 2-angled, covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 2- or 3-valved, persistent. Umbel hemispheric to subglobose, laxly many flowered. Pedicels subequal, 2--4 × as long as perianth, bracteolate and several covered with a common bract at base. Perianth white; segments usually with green or yellowish green midvein; outer ones oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4--7(--8) × 1.8--3 mm; inner ones oblong-obovate, 4--7(--8) × 2.1--3.5 mm. Filaments narrowly triangular, equal, 2/3--4/5 as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments; inner ones slightly wider than outer at base. Ovary obconical-globose, minutely tuberculate, without concave nectaries at base. Fl. and fr. Jul--Sep. 2 n = 16*, 24*, 32*.
Among shrubs, also widely cultivated as a vegetable; 1000--1100 m. Native in SW Shanxi (Yongji Xian); naturalized S China [tropical Asia].
Allium tuberosum is generally regarded as a cultivated species with a tetraploid chromosome number (2 n = 32), although a wild population was recently discovered in Shanxi Province with a diploid number (2 n = 16; Yang et al., Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 36--46. 1998). This species has leaves solid and perianth segments usually with a green or yellowish green midvein, whereas its close wild relative, A. ramosum, differs in having leaves fistulose and perianth segments with a pale red midvein. One of us (Xu) agrees with Stearn (Herbertia 11: 238. 1946) that the name A. tataricum Linnaeus f. (Suppl. Pl. 196. 1782) should be regarded as a synonym of A. ramosum. On the other hand, Kamelin regards A. tataricum as a synonym of A. tuberosum over which name it would have priority. He bases his opinion on two specimens (LE), labeled as A. tataricum and made from plants cultivated during the 1790s in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, and on his belief that only A. tuberosum never A. ramosum, has been cultivated. However, Kamelin has observed that these two specimens have fistulose leaves, which suggests that they are A. ramosum, unless this character is not diagnostic for the two species. Xu has not seen the specimens but notes that they could be cultivated A. ramosum because, as noted by Stearn (loc. cit.: 229), A. ramosum was already in cultivation in Europe by 1750. Therefore, A. tataricum is here treated as a synonym of A. ramosum, based on Xu’s opinion. The nomenclature of the two species remains unstable because, although the type of A. tuberosum (B) supports the current application of that name, no type has yet been designated for either A. ramosum or A. tataricum. Further studies are required in order to resolve the classification.