산달래(1)(Allium 종 검색표)

 

참산부추(2)[부추속 종 검색표]

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7809857

산달래(1)(Allium 종검색표)

https://daehyo49.tistory.com/7812766

 

 

학명 : Allium macrostemon Bunge

분류 : Liliaceae

 

 

사진: 2020.06.23 강화도 덕산

 

 

수술, 암술은 화피보다 훨씬 길다

 

 

 

아래: 2021.06.17 인천 용유도

 

 

 

 

화피는 백색 또는 연한 홍색이다(FOC 담자색 또는 담홍색)

 

 

산달래는 꽃차례의 일부 또는 전부가 주아가 된다

 

 

 

주아도 몇 개의 조각으로 구성된듯하다

 

 

 

 

 

 

인경은 아구형

 

 

 

 

 

국생지

 

분포

거의 전도에 나며 일본, 대만, 중국, 만주, 몽고, 우수리에 분포한다.

형태

여러해살이풀이다.

생육환경

원야나 길가

잎

잎은 2~9개이고 선형으로 길이 20~30cm, 나비 2~3mm이며 밑부분은 엽초로 되어 화경을 둘러싸고 밀랍분이 있으며 단면은 반원형으로 중공이고 표면에 홈이 있다.

꽃

꽃은 5∼6월에 백색 또는 연한 홍색으로 피고 화경 끝에 우상모양꽃차례로 달리며 꽃자루는 15~20mm이다. 화피편은 6개이고 난상 장 타원형으로 길이 4~6mm이며 수술과 암술대는 화피보다 몹시 길고 꽃차례중의 1부 또는 전부가 살눈으로 변한다. 화경은 곧추서며 높이 40~80cm이다.

열매

열매는 삭과이다.

줄기

비늘줄기는 구형으로 지름 1.2~1.5cm이고 포지 끝에 새로운 비늘줄기가 생기며 백색 막질로 덮여 있다.

이용방안

전초를 식용 및 약용.

특징

고온기에 휴면한다.

 

 

FOC

 

Allium macrostemon Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 65. 1833.

薤白 xie bai

(학명 이명)

Allium chanetii H. Léveillé; A. grayi Regel; A. grayi var. chanetii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; A. iatasen H. Léveillé; A. nereidum Hance; A. nipponicum Franchet & Savatier; A. ouensanense Nakai; A. uratense Franchet.

(설명)

Bulb solitary, subglobose, 0.7--1.5(--2) cm in diam., usually with bulbels at base; tunic (인경의 외피) blackish, papery or membranous, entire. Leaves shorter than scape, 2--5 mm wide, semiterete or 3-angled-semiterete, abaxially strongly 1-angled, fistulose(관 모양의), adaxially channeled. Scape 30--70 cm, terete, covered with leaf sheaths for 1/4--1/3 its length. Spathe 2-valved, persistent. Umbel hemispheric to globose, densely many flowered, bearing bulblets and flowers or bulblets only. Pedicels subequal, 3--5 × as long as perianth, bracteolate. Perianth pale purple to pale red; segments oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, equal, 4--5.5 × 1.2--2 mm; inner ones usually shorter than outer. Filaments equal, 1/2 as long as to slightly shorter than perianth segments, connate and adnate to perianth segments, base triangular; inner ones ca. 1/2 as wide as outer at base. Ovary subglobose, with concave nectaries covered by hoodlike projections at base. Style exserted. Fl. and fr. May--Jul. 2 n = 16, 24, 32*, 40*, 48.

(생육지와 분포)

Hills, slopes, valleys, plains; near sea level to 1600 m (to 3000 m in Xizang and Yunnan). Throughout China except Hainan, Qinghai, and Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].

 

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027501

 

 

Allium 종 검색표 [ 한국식물분류학회지 2021년  제51권 2호]

 

1. Herbs usually dioecious; rhizomes threadlike;

   bulb tunics herringbone patterned*;

* 용어 참조

Herringbone pattern - Wikipedia

   leaf blades with 1 row of vascular bundles in cross-section;

   hyaline sheaths present; scapes slender;

   inflorescences 1–3 flowered; inner tepals narrower than outer ones;

   style trigonous; stigma 3-cleft; flowering late March to May

   ······························         A. monanthum 달래

1. Herbs hermaphroditic (monoecious); rhizomes non-threadlike;

   bulb tunics smooth to reticulate; leaf blades usually with 2 rows of vascular bundles in cross-section;

   hyaline sheaths absent; scapes not slender;

   inflorescences more than 4 flowered; inner tepals not narrower than outer ones;

   style terete; stigma smooth to capitate; flowering May to October.

  2. Bulbs subglobose, with bulbels; inflorescences sometimes with bulbils

    ··························                A. macrostemon 산달래

 

  2. Bulbs cylindrical to ovoid, without bulbels; inflorescences without bulbils.

    3. Leaf blades oblong to oval, pseudo-petiolate at base;

       pedicels angular;

       ovary obconical, with 1 ovule per locule.

       4. Leaf blade oval, apex obtuse to subrounded; perianth white

          ····························       A. ulleungense 울릉산마늘

      4. Leaf blades oblong to elliptical, apex acute; perianth creamy white to pale yellow.

         5. Leaf blades 2.5–6 cm wide; perianth pale yellow (2n = 16)

            ····························      A. microdictyon 산마늘

         5. Leaf blades 5–10 cm wide; perianth creamy white (2n = 32)

             ···························        A. ochotense 울릉산마늘

          * A. ochotense는 A. ulleungense로 개칭

  3. Leaf blades linear, sessile at base;     pedicels terete;
     ovary ovoid, obovoid or ellipsoid, with 2 ovules per locule.

    6. Ovary without hood-like appendages at base.

       7. Bulb tunics fibrous, reticulate; perianth white; tepals mucronate at apex

          ···························         A. tuberosum 부추

       7. Bulb tunics membraneous or papery, smooth; perianth pink to lilac; tepals obtuse to rounded at apex.

          8. Rhizomes condensed, non-branched;

             bulb tunics papery;

             leaf blades angular to terete in cross-section; scapes erect before flowering.

            9. Leaf blade minutely angular in cross-section; pedicels unequal

               ··························       A. anisopodium 실부추

           9. Leaf blade terete in cross-section; pedicels subequal

              ···························     A. tenuissimum 애기실부추

      8. Rhizomes clearly elongated, branched;

         bulb tunics membranous;

         leaf blades flat in cross-section; scapes drooping at the upper parts before flowering.

        10. Leaf sheaths buried under ground;

             perianth campanulate;

             leaf blades leathery, lustrous, 

             inner tepals ovate-elliptical; inner filaments subulate.

            11. Leaf blades 5–10 mm wide; scapes clearly flattened-winged in cross-section

                ··········......................................      A. spirale 참두메부추

            11. Leaf blades 1.5–4 mm wide; scapes rhomboid to subterete in cross-section

                 ·········.......................................     A. spurium 각시두메부추

     10. Leaf sheaths exposed above ground;

         leaf blades fleshy, glaucous; perianth radially spreading,

         inner tepals elliptical; inner filaments narrowly triangurlar or broadened up to middle part.

        12. Leaf blades 2.5–4.5 mm wide;

            scapes subterete in cross-section;

            filaments non-exserted; inner filaments broadened up to ca. 2/3 in length;

           flowering May to July (2n = 16)

          ····························          A. minus 좀부추

       12. Leaf blades 5–13 mm wide;

            scapes rhomboid in cross-section;

            filaments exserted; inner filaments narrowly triangular;

           flowering September to October (2n = 32)

          ····························      A. dumebuchum 두메부추(울릉도 자생)

       * 종전의 두메부추 Allium senescens L. 과 구별 

   6. Ovary with hood-like appendages at base.

      13. Bulb tunics fibrous, reticulate; inner filaments clearly 2–4-toothed.

           14. Perianth blue to purple-blue

               ···························    A. stenodon (= A. baekdusanense)북수백산파

           14. Perianth pale pink to reddish lilac.

               15. Perianth radially spreading, pale pink; filaments clearly exserted (2n = 16)

                    ·························    A. koreanum 돌부추

               15. Perianth campanulate, reddish lilac; filaments slightly exserted (2n = 32)

                    ························     A. splendens 가는산부추

     13. Bulb tunics papery or thinly leathery, smooth; inner filaments usually entire or rarely minutely 2-toothed.

         16. Bulb tunics thinly leathery, reddish brown; perianth pale yellow; ovary ovoid

              ······················              A. condensatum 노랑부추

         16. Bulb tunics papery, brown; perianth reddish pink to purple; ovary obovoid or elliptical.

            17. Scapes hollow in cross-section;

                perianth reddish pink; tepals equal, oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex;

               ovary ellipsoid; filaments non-exserted; capsules ellipsoid;

               seed elliptical, angular in cross-section;  flowering July to August

                ·································      A. maximowiczii 산파

         17. Scapes solid in cross-section;

              perianth purple; tepals unequal, elliptical to oval, obtuse to rounded at apex;

             ovary obovoid; filaments exserted; capsules cordiform; seed oval, flat in cross-section;

             flowering September to October.

            18. Perianth semi-radially spreading

                ··································     A. taquetii 한라부추

            18. Perianth campanulate.

                19. Leaf blades spreading, terete in cross-section, 19–80.5 cm long,

                      tinged red at base

                     ····························             A. linearifolium 선부추

                19. Leaf blades ascending to curved, flat, angular or terete in cross-section, 10–50 cm long,

                      pale green at base.

                  20. Leaf blades leathery, lustrous, clearly flat in cross-section;

                      scapes usually lateral from bulbs 

                     ·····························        A. pseudojaponicum 갯부추

                 20. Leaf blades thinly leathery to papery, non-lustrous, flat, angular or terete in cross-section;

                      scapes terminal from bulbs

                     ··························               A. thunbergii 산부추

 

위 검색표에 실려 있지 않은 국생지 등재종들

 

강부추 Allium longistylum Baker

두메부추 Allium senescens L.

둥근산부추 Allium thunbergii var. teretifolium H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh

세모부추 Allium deltoidefistulosum S.O.Yu, W.T.Lee & S.T.Lee

세모산부추 Allium thunbergii var. deltoides (S.O.Yu & al.) H.J.Choi & B.U.Oh

양파 Allium cepa L.

조선마늘 Allium scorodorpasum var. multibillosum Y.N.Lee

참산부추 llium sacculiferum Maxim.

털실부추 Allium anisopodium var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang & Tang

파 Allium fistulosum L.